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Summary AQA RE GCSE A Unit 12 Buddhism Topic 2: The Dharma £3.49   Add to cart

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Summary AQA RE GCSE A Unit 12 Buddhism Topic 2: The Dharma

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  • November 28, 2016
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Topic 2: The Dhamma (Dharma)

2.1 Introduction to the Dharma and The Doctrine of Not-Self

● The Dharma is the “combined teachings of the Buddha”


2.4 The Three Marks of Existence/Three Universal Truths

● this basic ignorance is the cause of all suffering

● to attain enlightenment and realise the unconditioned we need to dismantle our false ideas so
that we understand how things really are

● the entire Buddhist path is about freeing oneself from a distorted view of reality (which brings
suffering)

● the Buddhist teachings present these Three Marks in a detailed and systematic way

● the three marks are:

○ Anicca:the Impermanence of all things

○ Anatta: no self

○ Dukkha:the nature of all suffering

● all the Three Marks of Existence even though are listed as three distinct factors are linked
together

​2.4.1 Anicca:the Impermanence of all things

● the Buddha found that everything in the world is impermanent and changing

● this implies that there is nothing whatsoever is permanent

● we could say that change (anicca) is a fact of life


2.4.2 Anatta: No-Self
● what we call an individual person according to Buddhist philosophy is a combination of
ever-changing physical and mental energies these can be divided into five groups called
“aggregates” or khandhas/skandhas

● the 5 are:

○ form

○ feeling

○ perception



Raphael Mizrahi 4C
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, Raphael Mizrahi 4C
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○ mental formations

○ conscientiousness

● together they make a person (they body and mind of a human being)

● the Buddha said the five aggregates cause dukkha (suffering)

● this is because each aggregate is a focus or object of our grasping

● in Buddhism grasping causes suffering (dukkha)

● the way the aggregates function then is that each one of us grasps at one or other of the
aggregates and identifies it it as “me” or “I” or “mine”

● the aggregates can be described using the analogy of heap of sand (because the heaps can
be combined to make a bigger heap which makes your experience and your life)


2.4.2.2.1 Form or Matter

● it is itself made up of the physical elements

● it includes our body, our sense organs, and the objects we perceive in the external world


2.4.2.2.2 Feeling or Sensation

● sensations felt through our sense organs

● they are either pleasant unpleasant or neutral

● in Buddhism there are six senses (unlike in modern life)

● sight, hearing,smell,taste, touch and ​mind (mind is not in modern life)

● the mind is considered as a sense organ

● each sense organ perceives only the sense objects related to it (eyes see things and don’t
smell)

● the object the mind perceives thoughts and feelings


2.4.2.2.3 Perceptions

● the ability to identify objects as mental or physical (eg. as a table rather than a chair)

● perceptions recognise, identify and classify and put sensory experience into words


2.4.2.2.4 Mental Formation

● it groups together 50 different mental factors and states

● the most significant covers willpower, intention or determination


Raphael Mizrahi 4C
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