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Summary OCR GCSE Classical Civilisations A353 Community Life in the Classical World Sparta
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1Classical Civilisation Exam
Topic 1: Sparta
1.1 Geography of Sparta
● in Laconia in the Peloponnese peninsula
● in a deep valley where the Eurotas river flows
● there are mountains on both sides
● it gave inhabitants two key advantages
● Food resources:
○ valley was very fertile
○ suitable for fruit and olive
○ the river provided fish
○ the forests around provided wild animals (spartans loved hunting)
● Defence:
○ The Eurotas valley created a natural defence
○ the coastline of Laconia was rugged and marsh-ridden
○ It is hard to attack
1.2 Origins of Spartan Society
● In English the adjective Spartan means minimal for a
person and plain for a place
● emerged between 11th and 9th centuries BCE
● Greek world was going under changes
● Greek speakers (Dorians) from north invaded and settled
south
● they expelled the original Greeks (Achaeans)
● when they arrived in Laconia they settled around Sparta
● they created five villages which joined together to create
Sparta (this was called ( synoecism)
● by beginning of the 8th century had taken control of all of Laconia
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