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Summary

Summary BENZENES:-STRUCTURE,RINGS,NAMING
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  • Module
  • 043
  • Institution
  • Sixth Year / 12th Grade

THIS PDF WILL HELP YOU TO CLEAR ALL YOUR CONCEPTS WITH BENZENES WHICH IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR JEE MAINS AND ADVANCE. NAMING OF RINGS AND STRUCTURE PRESENT IN IT. IMPORTANT EXAMPLES SOLVED.

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Document information

  • May 13, 2023
  • 29
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • basic chemistry
  • iupac
  • organic chemistry
  • important benzenes
  • benzenes rings
  • benzenes structure

Written for

  • Secondary school
  • 043
  • 4
All documents for this subject (3)

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mradulkumarsahu

Content preview

Organic Lecture Series




Reactions of
Benzene &
Its Derivatives
Chapter 22 1




Organic Lecture Series

Reactions of Benzene
The most characteristic reaction of
aromatic compounds is substitution at
a ring carbon:
Halogenation:
Fe Cl 3
H + Cl 2 Cl + HCl

Chlorobenzene
Nitration:
H2 SO 4
H + HN O 3 N O2 + H2 O

Nitrobenzene
2

, Organic Lecture Series
Reactions of Benzene
Sulfonation:
H2 SO4
H + SO3 SO3 H

Benzenesulfonic acid

Alkylation:
A lX 3
H + RX R + HX

An alkylbenzene

Acylation:
O O
A lX 3
H + RC X CR + HX

An acylbenzene
3




Organic Lecture Series




Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations:

R
R Cl

AlCl3

Arenes Alkylbenzenes
4

, Organic Lecture Series


Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution: a
reaction in which a hydrogen atom of an
aromatic ring is replaced by an
electrophile
H E
+
+ E + H+


• In this section:
– several common types of electrophiles
– how each is generated
– the mechanism by which each replaces
hydrogen
5




Organic Lecture Series

EAS: General Mechanism
• A general mechanism
s low , rate +
+
determin ing H
Step 1: H + E
E
Electro- Res on ance-s tabilized
phile cation intermed iate
+
H fast +
Step 2: E + H
E


• Key question: What is the electrophile and
how is it generated?
6

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