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MEDICAL HISTOLOGY Session 13Overview; Esophagus and G.I. Tract
GI Tract extends from esophagus to anal canal composed of four distinctive layers
Mucosa (epithelial type varies from region to region)
- Always associated with underlying loose CT and smooth muscle
- These are termed lamina propria and muscularis mucosa(respectively)
Submucosa
- Contains dense irregular CT, blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and glands
Muscularis Externa – mixes/propels contents through the GI tract
- Displays two layers of smooth muscle with interposed nerve plexus
Serosa/Adventitia – outermost layer of the hollow tube that is the alimentary canal
Esophagus
Mucosa is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with lubricating glands
- Upper striated muscle (CN X) gradually replaced with smooth muscle
- Esophagogastric junction changes from nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium to simple columnar epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Esophageal
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cardiac glands produce a neutral mucus secretion
Stomach – three histologic regions
• Cardia region – surrounds esophageal orifice
• Pyloric – near gastroduodenal junction
• Fundic – glands produce acids, enzymes, mucus, and an intrinsic factor for absorption
• Chief Cells – secrete a protein ‘pepsinogen’, converts to enzyme pepsin in low pH
• Stem Cells – precursors to all cells in the fundic glands
• Cardiac glands – entirely composed of mucus-secreting cells
Small intestine – longest component of the digestive tract. Three anatomical regions
• Duodenum – house plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli
• Jejunum – fingerrr like villliii
• Ileum–
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