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revolt of the northern earls summary sheet
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summary sheet of the revolt of the northern earls for EDEXCEL A-level history
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Angelina BhattiSummary sheet on the Revolt of the Northern Earls
The causes of and development of the challenge:
(a) problem posed by Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary married the king of France which gave her a strong forigen advantage
against England.
After the king of France died Mary returned to Scotland, even though she was no
longer the queen of both Scotland and France she still has very strong relations
with France which gave her an upper hand against Elizabeth.
Mary’s connections with France gave her grounds on all sides of England
essentially surrounding Elizabeth.
(b) court politics and faction
Elizabeth’s trusted advisor William Cecil caused some court politics as none of
her other ambassadors liked Cecil, as he seemed to be leading Elizabeth into a
war with Spain. The court plotted to get him removed after he caused a massive
conflict with Spain and dragging the two counties into war.
The main leaders of the plot to remove Cecil out of power were Thomas
Howard (Duke of Norfolk), Earl of Westmorland and Northumberland. They
didn’t want to harm Elizabeth in any way due to their devotion to her but
wanted to completely remove Cecil from power to avoid war with the most
powerful catholic country at the time.
The way that they were going to solve the problems with Cecil was by getting
Mary to marry the Duke of Norfolk as it would mean Mary married an
Englishman for if and when Elizabeth died without an heir Mary would be able
to take the throne.
(c) the role of the Duke of Norfolk
He negotiated with the rebels at the pilgrimage of Grace in 1536.
During 1568-69 he was the main part of the plot to marry Mary and remove
Cecil from power.
He had become a very strong and powerful leader who if led an uprising it
would be very dangerous.
(d) economic and religious insecurities of the northern nobility
The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland were both openly Catholic
alongside many of the other northern nobility, despite the break with Rome and
more people moving towards Protestantism.
The norther catholic noble’s positions were being overlooked and in favour of
the protestant nobles instead.
Due to lack of opportunity to the northern earls it caused major economic
problems, because their rivals had been appointed their positions it mean that
they no longer had an income essentially making the government situation a lot
worse. This forced the Earl of Westmorland to borrow money from Sir George
Bowes
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