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  3. The University Of Birmingham (UBir)
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  5. Endocrinology And Pharmacology (MBCHB)

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Diabetes - Summary Notes
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A comprehensive, yet concise summary of Diabetes, DKA, and other Diabetic Emergencies in Medicine/ Surgery, presented in a colourful and digestible format. Includes all relevant information on the topic summarised, collated from multiple resources including lectures, textbooks, and guidelines. All ...

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  • May 31, 2023
  • 4
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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Diabetes
Type 1: Diabetics present with
·

can

SilentMIs'- with no CP.
·
Insulin Deficiency, early onset.
Type Hypersensitivity Disorder causing destruction of
IV
·




B-cells in pancreatic islets of Langerhans I which produce Insulin).
·
Risk Factors:other autoimmune disease (e.g. Addison's, Hashimoto's Disease).
Low
(-peptide, ketones present(Pear Drop breath).
·




2: causes:
Type
·
Insulin Resistance, or B-cell dysfunction (genetic) -Pancreatitis
Obesity, Age
Risk Factors: 40, Metabolic Syndrome Cushing's, Hyperthyroid
·
over


High (-peptide. Pregnancy
· -




Gestational Diabetes:


Consequences:Pre-eclampsia, Macrosomia, Polyhydramnios,
·




neonataljaundice, birth trauma.




Diagnosis
If patientpresents with classic symptoms, only one testmustbe positive to diagnose DM.
·




Loss, Diabetic ketoacidosis (DRA), HHS.
classic symptoms:Thirst, Polyuria, Weight


Patients with symptoms have repeat test
ifinitially positive to
diagnose DM.
·
no must


·
Random Glucose Test: 11.1 mmol



·Fasting Glucose Test:1 7.0 mmol
women is 5.6 mmol.
Gestational Diabetes in pregnant
·




prick after overnightfast.
·
venous




Overnight Glucose Tolerance Test: 11.1 mmol
·



women is 7.8 mmol.
Gestational Diabetes in pregnant
·




After fast, blood glucose is measured as baseline.
overnight
)S 75g glucose is consumed.
3)2 hours later, blood glucose is measured
again.

·HbA1C: =48mmol/6.5%
·
shows average glucose level over past 2-3 months.
·
should be verified with glucose test if is: patient
-Pregnant
-child

-taking steroid/antipsychotic meds
DM1
-having

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