Summary
Summary Edward IV and Richard III
- Module
- Wars of the Roses
- Institution
- OCR
Revision notes for the reigns of Edward IV, Edward V and Richard III
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How effectively did Edward re-establish himself? -• Edward needed to deal with the Lancastrian supporters, like before, he chose not to punish
those who had opposed him
• Key supporters were rewarded
• Made Hastings captain of Calais
• Warwick’s estates were shared between Clarence and Gloucester
Policy in Wales-
• Wales had been a problem for Edward
• After William Herbert’s death he decided to set up the council of Wales to control the area
• The council was based at Ludlow where Edward’s eldest son lived
• Prince of Wales’s household was run by Anthony, Earl Rivers, brother to the queen
Policy in the north-
• The north had also been a problem for Edward
• He put 2 key men in charge, his brother, the Duke of Gloucester, and the Earl of
Northumberland
• Percy had not opposed Edward when he returned to England and so he was rewarded
• Justice and order were returned to the north, made easier by the lack of an alternative king
Policy in Ireland-
• The Irish posed no threat during Edward’s second reign
• The Yorkists were popular due to Edward’s father
• Edward placed several lieutenants of Ireland in place but most of the work was done by the
deputies, largely the Earls of Kildare
• By leaving the running to the Earls of Kildare, Ireland stayed calm
How successful was Edward’s foreign policy? -
• Edward was the heart of his government
• He tried to improve the efficiency of his government through promotions on merit rather
than rank
• He relied on men such as Bishop Morton of Ely and William Lord Hastings
• Edward was prepared to accept a relatively high level of crime as long as it did not interfere
with what he wanted to achieve
• Treasons and rebellions were something Edward could not ignore- executed the Duke of
Clarence for treason
, • Edward ignored a certain amount of corruption in the justice system and abused the system
himself, especially when dealing with inheritance law- Dukedom of Essex to Edward’s sister
• Edward used the nobility to maintain order and was as generous with his pardons at times
• Edward inherited a lot of debt but managed to die solvent
• Introduced the chamber of finance to bypass the slow and outdated exchequer
• Edward used the land revenue experiment that he started in his first reign to increase the
revenue from royal land
• Custom duty revenue increased to £35,000 a year due to an increase in trade
• Treaty of Picquigny with France, 1475, brought a pension of £50,000 a year
• Margaret of Anjou was handed over to the king of France for £10,000
Was Edward’s foreign policy a failure-
Did the anti-French policy achieve anything-
• Edward’s main aim was to deal with France
• He looked to Brittany and Burgundy
• Treaty of Chateaugiron, 1472, with Brittany and Treaty of London, 1474 with Burgundy
• Edward raised money for an invasion, but his allies let him down
• France was still willing to negotiate
Did the Treaty of Picguigny benefit England? -
• 1475
• 10-year truce
• Pension to Edward
• 75,000 to leave France
• No secret alliances
• All tolls on merchants to be removed
• If either king faced rebellion, the other would lend support
• People of England were unhappy due to Edward raising taxes and then not fighting
Was the policy towards Burgundy after 1475 a failure? –
• Duke of Brittany died in 1477, leaving his daughter Mary in charge
• 1480- a treaty was signed where Burgundy would pay him 50,000 a year if the deal with
France broke down
• Mary died in 1482 and her infant daughter took over and was betrothed to the dauphin of
France
• Edward lost his marriage plan and Louis stopped paying the pension as he was no longer
worried about Burgundy
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