Summary
Summary Henry VII
- Module
- Wars of the Roses
- Institution
- OCR
Revision notes on the reign of Henry VII
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Rebellion and reaction 1485-1498-Lovell conspiracy-
Early rebellion
Not serious in reality, but they didn’t know that at the time
Trouble in midlands, north and Wales as Henry embarked on a royal progress
Led by Lord Lovell and the Stafford brothers
Henry heard of the plot and foiled it
The royal progress continued
Yorkshire rebellion 1489-
Henry was charging a tax to help Brittany against France which led to a dissent in Yorkshire
who also had to defend against Scottish attacks
Earl of Northumberland was murdered while trying to collect the tax
Led by Sir John Egremont, a Yorkist supporter
The rising was easily crushed but the money was not collected
Showed that ruling the north needed compromise
Cornish rebellion 1497-
More serious but had the same cause as the Yorkshire rebellion
This time Henry needed money to defend against Scotland
The Cornish didn’t see why they should pay
15,000 supporters
Crushed easily by a 25,000 strong army
Leaders tortured and executed; others heavily fined
Summary-
2 taxation rebellions showed that the country was not prepared to fund campaigns to
defend the Tudor monarchy
Cornish rebellion was 12 years into Henry’s rule-still not secure
He was not prepared to give second chances by then
Pretenders to the throne-
The first pretender- Lambert Simnel-
Claimed to be the Earl of Warwick
Early threat within a year of coming to the throne
Supported by Margaret of Burgundy- sent money and 2000 mercenaries
Henry offered them a pardon and paraded the real Earl of Warwick but the rebellion
continued
8,000 men landed in Lancashire and marched south in June 1487
, In the end it lacked popular support- people fed up with chaos or disliked the brutal Irish
force with Simnel
But Henry had to fight at the battle of stoke (last battle of the wars of the roses)
Showed his vulnerability and how much his monarchy was on a knife’s edge
Many of his men held back until they could see the outcome, much like at Bosworth
The second pretender- Perkin Warbeck-
Claimed to be Edward IV’s second son, Richard Duke of York
As Richard was already dead, he couldn’t be paraded
Likely to have been a plot involving Charles VIII and Margaret of Burgundy
This international element made it dangerous due to poor relations with France and
Scotland
Warbeck had support from France but had to move to Flanders after the Treaty of Etaples
where he had Margaret’s support
Henry broke off the cloth trade and took it very seriously
Holy Roman emperor Maximilian also supported Warbeck, but lacked finance which helped
Henry
Henry used spies to find out and pass attainders against conspirators, including Stanley, a
previous supporter
Warbeck’s invasion failed and he fled to Ireland
When he failed in Ireland he fled to Scotland and married James IV’s cousin
James gave him 15,000 troops to invade England but by now he lacked support and went
back to Scotland
But this time James abandoned him as he was going to marry Henry’s daughter, Margaret
Warbeck went back to Ireland again in 1497 but he had even less support
He sailed to England to capitalise on the Cornish rebellion but was driven back
Gave himself up in November 1497
He tried to run away and was put in the tower
Rumoured to have plotted with the Earl of Warwick- both were executed
Bit of an embarrassment all around
Evaluate Yorkist threat-
The York threat continued- Edmund de la pole- Henry refused to make him Duke of Suffolk
He ended up freeing to France and then to the court of the Holy Roman Empire
Henry’s third son Edmund died in 1500 and oldest died in 1502, then his wife in 1503-
everything rested on his son Henry
Rest of the Suffolks were imprisoned and acts of attainders passed
Didn’t feel secure until 1506- persuaded Philip of Burgundy to hand Suffolk over if he spared
his life
Few Yorkists left
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