Summary of notes on lecture for Mood disorders, module Understanding Mental Health, course Psychology. The notes are made in preparation for MCQ test at the end of the semester. I passed the test with 1st (A+).
Depression
• What is it?
• Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia).
– Persistent for a minimum period of 2 weeks
– Other symptoms include:
• Change in sleep patterns (sleeping more or less).
• Change in appetite or weight (eating more or less).
• Agitation or moving slowly.
• Loss of energy, fatigue.
• Feelings of self-blame, worthlessness, guilt.
• Difficulty concentrating, indecisiveness.
• Thoughts of death or suicide.
Risk factors for Depression
• Increased risk of developing depression if:
- Family history.
- Childhood abuse.
- Bereavement.
- Major stressors e.g. divorce, job loss etc.
- Long-term stressors e.g. being a carer.
- Poverty.
- Lack of support.
Mood Disorders – DSM 5
• Two broad types of mood disorder:
I. Involves only depressive symptoms
, II. Involves manic symptoms (Bipolar Disorder)
• Depression characterized by:
I. Sadness
II. Feelings of worthlessness and guilt
III. Withdrawal from others
IV. Changes in sleep and appetite
• Mania characterized by:
I. Intense elation or irritability
II. Hyperactivity, talkativeness, distractibility
Epidemiology and Consequences: Depression
• Depression is common: The lifetime prevalence (Kessler et al., 2005) is 16.2% for
major depression.
• Persistent depression appears less common: 2.5% Dysthymia life time prevalence.
• Twice as common in women as in men.
• Three times as common among people in poverty.
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