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AS and A level English Language CIE key terminology
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Compiled and Summarised note all based on the important terms used in English writing
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Cambridge International AS and A Level English Language Mike Gould and Marilyn Rankin
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CIE English Language 9093 AS Level: Units 2.1-2.3( Personal Writing, Writing to Review and Comment, Writing to Persuade and Advise )
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CIE English Language 9093 AS Level Narrative and Descriptive writing
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AS English notes RaidaDefinitions:
Semantic: different words that have a same or similar definition
Lexical: same words that may convey different meanings depending on the
context
(lexical field: a part of reality symbolized by a set of related words)
Dialect: a regional specific, non-standard variety of a language, including
accent, grammar, and word variations from the standard variety
Sociolect: a non-standard variety of language spoken by a particular social
group
Accent: non-standard and regionally-specific (depending on area)
pronunciation features of language
Ellipsis: the omission of words/phrases; often used to portray a sense of
uncertainty
Elision: the omission of sounds/syllables; speeds, simplifies, and generally
enhances the flow of conversation
Visual texts: certain features make a text seen
Auditory texts: certain features make a text heard
Permanent texts: a text that is forever the same without major changes (book
page)
Ephemeral texts: [ short-lived texts] a text that is not intended to have any life
after production ( a convo we speak and it's gone, a shopping list is written
and thrown out)
, Planned texts: a text that is drafted, planned, edited before being seen by its
audience ( a novel/book)
Spontaneous texts: a classic conversation can be considered spontaneous; it
isn’t planned, edited or drafted before being produced
Monologic: a single voice text
Interactive: a multiplicity of voices (ex. An online text where both the
reader/viewer participates)
Transactional texts: a conversation which has a clearly defined
purpose/function
Interactional texts: a conversation whose sole purpose is entirely social
Formal texts: less personal, doesn’t include colloquialisms (ex. Y’all, gonna) ,
contractions (ex. Aren’t, can’t) or first-person pronouns such as ‘I’ or ‘We’
Informal texts: casual and spontaneous, uses day-to-day language, include
colloquialisms, contractions and first-person pronouns
Synchronous texts: when the participants are present in the same time as
immediate interaction (speech: audience hears speaker words immediately)
Asynchronous texts: the participants are not present at the same time in the
interaction (electronic messages)
Implicature: the meanings INTENDED in what someone says/writes which are
not EXPLICITLY (directly) stated
Inference: the meanings drawn out of a text by audience (listener or reader)
Shared resources: the sum of knowledge and references that is reasonable to
expect members of a culture to have access to
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