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Summary A Level Biology - Ecosystems Notes £2.99   Add to cart
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  5. Biology A Salters Nuffield
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Summary A Level Biology - Ecosystems Notes
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Detailed and comprehensive notes on ecosystems (Edexcel biology A). Covers ecosystems, abundance, succession, energy transfers and core practical 10 (investigating populations). [“A-Level Biology: Edexcel A Year 1 & 2 Complete Revision & Practice” (CGP, ISBN: 2986), “Salters-Nuffield AS/A lev...

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  • June 13, 2023
  • 5
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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Ecosystems
5.1 Understand the terms ecosystem, community, population and habitat.

5.2 Understand that the numbers and distribution of organisms in a habitat are controlled by biotic and
abiotic factors.

5.3 Understand how the concept of niche accounts for distribution and abundance of organisms in a
habitat.

Key Terms
Ecosystem: All of the communities, organisms (biotic) and non-living (abiotic factors) living in a
particular area.
These factors are interacting and interdependent – they make up a self-contained
system, which is self-supporting in terms of energy flow.

Community: All of the organisms of different species that live in the same habitat and interact with
each other.

Population: All the interbreeding individuals of one species in a habitat.
Population Size: The number of individuals of one species in a particular area.

Habitat: The place with a distinct set of conditions where an organism lives.

Abiotic Factors: The non-living features of an ecosystem.
E.g. Light intensity, climate, pollution, catastrophes.
Biotic Factors: The living features of an ecosystem.
E.g. Competition, disease, predation, mutualism.

Abundance: The number of individuals of one species in a particular area.
Distribution: Where a species is in a particular area.

Niche
• Niche: The role of a species within its habitat, including its biotic and abiotic interactions.

• Every species has its own unique niche – a niche can only be occupied by one species.

• The abundance of different species can be explained by the niche concept:
• Two species occupying similar niches will compete, so fewer individuals of both species will be able
to survive in the area.

• The distribution of different species can be explained by the niche concept:
• Organisms can only exist in habitats where all of the conditions that make up their role exist.

Distribution
• Distribution varies due to abiotic factors – organisms can only exist where the abiotic factors they
can survive in exist.

• Distribution also varies due to biotic factors – if two species are competing, but one is better adapted
to its surroundings, the less well-adapted species is likely to be out-competed.
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