This includes scholars for the use of the WOH exam for the Aeneid. This also gives references to places where these scholars can be used in relation to evidence from the epic. Also gives the scholars name.
Aeneas- ‘It is Aeneas who loses in the end’- Williams. This means that due to coming to violence and
killing Turnus, he loses his pietas.
- He is not able to fulfil the pious presentation that he is wanting to create for himself.
- The way that he has demonstrated his furor towards Turnus shows that he is not the man he
intended to be.
Augustan context- Pattie argues that civil war has created ‘deep feelings of guilt’ in the Roman
world, and ‘Virgil’s handling of his legendary material reflects these feelings’.- Pattie
- The negative portrayal of war and the excessive killing that is shown.
The role of the gods- The gods pose ‘insufferable difficulties’ for the Trojans and Aeneas, yet they do
enjoy some ‘divine support’- Gibson
- Juno provides ‘insufferable difficulties’ for Aeneas in bk1.
- Also in book 4 through the marriage.
- Juno provides support.
- Poseidon provides support
- Mercury supports.
Piety vs Furor- We see that Aenenas can use ‘desperate violence’. His first response to Troy falling is
‘impulsive and emotional’.- Gibson
- He tries to kill Helen.
Augustan context- Virgil throughout the poem cleverly manages to discuss the ‘future’ glory of
Rome.- Powers
- Shield in book 8.
The underworld- Virgil uses the underworld as’ vital transition for Aeneas from uncertain and
troubled to emboldened and assured’. - Powers
- He has learned of the fate waiting for him in the future through the underworld and is now
motivated to fulfil it.
- In the second half of the Aeneid he becomes motivated to found Rome.
The underworld and piety- ‘The decision to enter the underworld itself rests with Aeneas’ alone’.-
Powers
- Anchises says he ‘knew [Aeneas’] rigour would prevail’.
Augustan context- ‘The pageant of unborn Roman heroes which Anchises describes is the most
powerful patriotic passage in the whole poem’.- Williams
- This is to directly link to the Augustan context.
-
Relationships- Nisus and Euryalus are ‘too homeric’ in their attempt to gain glory- Cowan
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