Based on spec points that have yet to come up in previous a level geography edexcel exam papers. detailed essay plans with case studies. used as my main revision technique and proved very helpful.
a level migration, sovereignty, identity prediction questions. a level essay plans
8b.1 Evaluate to what extent to which globalisation has been the main reason for the
increase in migration globally
1. Agree - voluntary economic migration
Can be facilitated through trade blocs allowing open door policies - schengen agreement
And liberalisation policies
Areas have wider and deeper connection
Education through social media about an area can attract people to live there
Language barriers can be reduced through globalisation - more use of english internationally
etc
Demand for skill gaps from immigrants - globalisation allows flows of people
Students migrate for education - information flows about area easily spread through
media
Increasing trade and investment flows facilitated interest and awareness in migration
Movement of skilled workers who move with FDI flows and multinational
investments
4 points - transport and communications, trade blocs, igos, westernisation
Also sezs attract workers and FDI .
2. Disagree - refugees
Many migrants flee their countries due to unsafe conditions
Environmental refugees - people relocating due to tectonic disaster etc
Climate change predictions - increased drought and flooding. Trigger migration.
Particularly in poorer regions - sahel may struggle for food
3. Disagree:
Higher trafficking and smuggling
Also, growth in trade can reduce migration through creation of additional
employment and higher growth made in labour sending countries
Increased investments by multinationals in labour sending countries can create jobs
and incomes in home countries, reducing emigration pressures.
Trade in services - increased tradibility of skill and knowledge services opens up opps
for high wage jobs in migrant sending countries. Skilled workers stay in home country
E.g. india in telecommunications
4. Agree
Transport allows people to travel quickly, time-space convergence
Longer deeper wider connections
Easier access - rural to urban migration in the uk for example
Railway services make it easy and cheap to travel.
5 hour drive = 1 /2 hour train journey
Better communication, dissemination of info through mass media
Expansion of global communications network - telephone connections
, 8b.2 evaluate the reasons why migration has become a complex global issue
· Open door to migrants and criminals=
rising security concerns- A bomber in the Paris 2015 attacks was a refugee from Syria
to Greece to France.
Residents may have negative perceptions on migrants. This issue can be due to the
large influx of refugees and the lack of identification and registration checks at
arrival.
Views exacerbated by some media outlets and politicians.
The backlash against unregulated migration has lead to changes within politics such
as the election of Donald Trump, the rise of extreme right-wing political parties and
Brexit.
Countries not prepared for refugees - greece chaos. Migrants arrived by boat. Gov
unstable.
· Economic strain:
The arrival of large numbers of migrants can put a strain on a host country's
resources, including housing, education, healthcare, and social services.
Host countries may have to invest significant resources to accommodate and support
the new arrivals, which can cause economic strain.
Employment
Some governments may encourage migrants to fill skills gaps or improve
economic activity.
However, especially in areas with high unemployment rates, locals may blame
immigrants for the loss of job opportunities in their area.
Migrants can be seen as a threat to jobs, particularly if they are willing to work for
lower wages. E.g. Mexican migrants in the US .This can create competition for jobs
and potentially drive down wages for local workers, which can cause resentment and
anger.
· Cultural differences:
Migration = change in ethnic composition of the population
Some think this can lead to cultural erosion
could lead to the loss of their national culture or historical demography.
ead to cultural clashes and social tensions.
Host country may struggle to integrate the new arrivals into their societies, which can
lead to conflicts and misunderstandings. Diasporas can form and residents may find
that threatening to their culture.
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