Summary
Summary OCR Child Psychology
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All of OCR Child Psychology summarised
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Application - Child PsychMethods of measuring intelligence
Wechlser intelligence scale for children (WISC)
- Measures 5 forms of intellectual thinking known as primary indexes which are
assessed by 2 subsets.
- Administered individually w/ a child for 15 min - 3 hours depending on purpose
- 5 measures combines
- Dependent on language skills - not culture fair
- Highly reliable - fits w/ many modern theories (Gardner -multiple intelligences) so
has construct validity
- Many subsets so it is difficult to analyse + interpret.
- Can be done online now
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
- Non-verbal and v popular
- Doesn’t require any reading or writing so is culturally fair.
- Untimed but usually takes like 15-45 mins + can be done in groups
- Wants to measure ‘deductive reasoning’ - ability to work out an answer based on
only the info ur given
- Incomplete picture which pps have to make meaningful
- Select the missing aspect to complete a pattern
- Test example of what is known as fluid intelligence
3 diff versions for diff age levels + levels of intelligence
Scoring overall relies on calculations that take into account each answer rather than a
general score.
Considered reliable + is easier to calculate than WISC. regarded as valid but some question
its construct validity as it is based on ‘g’ factor assumption.
Cannot identify children’s individual strengths + weaknesses like the WISC
Widely used across countries which helps see comparison of populations over time. Useful
for testing ppl w/ autism or asperger’s bcs it doesn’t require verbal communication.
All types of RPM are comparable w/ each other
3 types
1. Colour Progressive Matrices (CPM) - children 4-7 yrs. The elderly w/ mental and
physical difficulties
2. Standard progressive matrices (SPM) - children + ppl 7-18yrs
3. Advanced progressive matrices (APM) - 18+ and teens above average intelligence
, Strategies to reduce risk taking behaviour
Under a GPD - a young driver can’t get a full licence until they have completed an
extended period of supervised driving w/ an experienced adult.
Achieve a licence stage, where restrictions are gradually lifted
3 stages
1. Always supervised
2. Can drive unsupervised but only in daylight
3. Only when they’re 18 + passed stage 2
Behavioural strategies
Operant conditioning - parents can help their children by talking ab behavioural
consequences of dangerous driving like losing your licence which leads to losing jobs and
restriction of freedom. Positive reinforcement to help them drive safe too.
Nurse visitation programmes
Early stressful experiences can disrupt neural processes like synaptogenesis and synaptic
pruning. Associated hormones can damage the prefrontal cortex, limiting its influence on
the VS later in life
The outcome of this = more impulsive behaviour + greater risk taking
A way to break this: David Olds et al
Nurse visitation programme (NVP) targets ppl who are expecting a baby and who are
considered at high risk of mistreating it.
Best way to do it is by reducing stress in parents
- Nurse visits parents before birth + for some time after. E.g., - Nurse Family
Partnership in the US. Pairs trained nurse w/ a family for a 2 + a half yr period that
starts weeks before birth
Targets more mothers - face a life changing event so would welcome support.
Parents trained to cope w/ stressors that could provoke mistreatment. Also puts parents in
touch w/ health services + helps w/ social support by involving friends + family. Long-term
effect on risk-taking, reducing it later in life.
Developing perception in young children
Sensory integration therapy
Ayres’ theory - outlines how our senses are neurologically organised for use and allow us
to move, learn + function in our env. Believed that developing a multi sensory perception
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