Essay
Nationalism: Non political idea Edexcel politics
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Nationalism Political Idea (24 Markers)Nations
Human nature
Self-determination
regressive
Nation state
Culturalism
Racialism
Internationalism
To what extent is nationalism an exclusive ideology?
Argument:
Nationalism- identification with one's own
nation and support for its interests,
especially to the exclusion or detriment of
the interests of other nations
INTRO Order of different nationalist strands:
● Liberal
● Conservative
● Chauvinistic/Expansionist
● Black nationalism
Judgement:
Overall Nationalism is a highly exclusive
ideology
Point: Liberal nationalism
- Is inclusive, anyone who shares the
values of a nation should be able to
become a part of it relatively quickly
Evidence: Key Thinkers
Jean Jacques Rousseau (French
Philosopher) believed in:
● civic nationalism - that the validity
(effectiveness) of a (nation) state
was based on the participation of
its citizens
Paragraph 1: Not ● General will: the people are
sovereign and their will is what is
Exclusive best for the state as a whole. (for
everyone to be happy, prevents
, conflict) Government must enforce,
not forcefully direct, the collective
will of the people
Giuseppe Mazzini (Italian Nationalist)-
believed in:
● self determination- the nation can
only be free when it has the ability
to express itself through its own
state
Explanation:
- This indicates that nationalists embrace
all sections of society
- Rousseau is an enlightenment
philosopher who would have experienced
class divisions and uproars as a result of
class divisions.
- Civic nationalism solves that issue by
involving every member of society
regardless of social status.
- Inclusiveness is also translated in
liberals’ desire for more supranational
institutions such as the EU that involve
various cultures
Counter:
Could be argued that liberal nationalism is
exclusive because Pan Africanism/Black
nationalism/ anti/postcolonial nationalism
(a type of liberal nationalism) could be
seen as liberating but is mainly restricted
to the African Diaspora which is rather
exclusive.
● The objectives of these movements
were often to cut ties with the West
who dominated their states for so
long, and limited their reliance on
them, which can be seen as
exclusive.
● This was the Aim of Pan Africanists
such as KwameNkrumah (Ghanaian
politician)
Point: Conservative nationalism
- Membership of the nation cannot be
immediate; it takes time to fully integrate
into a conservative nation’s customs
, Evidence: Key Thinkers
Von Herder (German philosopher)-
● used the word Volksgeist to mean
the spirit of a nation/‘volk’= refers
to the people. The people are the
root of national culture and their
culture is a unique and precious
commodity.
Explanation:
Conservative nationalism is nostalgic,
hoping to maintain institutions like the
monarch, the church which they all
believe is what contributes to the nation’s
identity
- and to also restrict who can enter the
nation
Counter:
they allow people to share national
identity on the basis of assimilation (the
Paragraph 2: Exclusive process of becoming similar to others
by taking in and using their customs
and culture), which shows that they are
inclusive.
- They urge people to respect other
cultures also
- the Life in the UK test is evidence that
allows citizens of different nations and
cultures to join the UK and its nation
Overall Judgement:
- However, recent immigration policies
indicate that conservative nationalism is
highly exclusive.
- For example, the hostile environment
policies which make it harder even for
people fleeing war to claim asylum in the
UK.
- Also one of our main motivations for
Brexit was to limit free movement. (make it
harder for people to enter the UK)
- Conservative nationalists are also
monocultural (only seek to have one
culture dominating society)- in order to
maintain cohesiveness (togetherness),
new cultures or traditions should not be
introduced into society
- explains conservative nationalists'
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