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HISTORY OF ROBOTICS IBN ISMAIL AL-JAZARIBiography of Ibn Ismail Al-Jazari
His full name is Abu al Izz Ibn Ismail ibn Al-Razaz al-Jazari. He was a Muslim
scientist from the Al-Jazira region of Mesopotamia, in the region between the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It is not known exactly when and where exactly he
was born. If traced from 11 manuscripts commented by Donald R. Hill, that
judging from al-Jazari's well-known work, Kitab fi marifati al hiyal al-
handasiyya, at least al-Jazari wrote his last work in the 13th century, 1200-
1300. Even then, he still considered unfinished. Thus, it is estimated that he
was born at the end of the 12th century. He is known as a technical expert who
had devoted himself to the time of the Urtuq or Artuqik kingdom in Diyar Bakir
from 1174 to 1209. During his time devoted to it, Al Jazari created an
automatic replica in the form of a humanoid robot that could be programmed
through kinetic power and could develop hydraulic principles to drive the
robot. It explains 50 works on mechanical equipment along with an
explanation of instructions and how the assembly technique. With his will he
devoted himself to being the chief engineer at Artuklu Palace, the same as his
father, who was in the Artuqid dynasty of Mardin ruling the region around
Eastern Anatolia. Al-Jazari was a man who was more inclined as a practicing
engineer than an inventor as others. And it seems that he was more interested
in the process, which then led him to knowledge of the rules and formulas
behind it. Most of the works in the form of machines that he managed to
create were usually assembled independently, even through a process of trial
and failure.
Definition of Robotics
The term robot comes from the Czech language, which is from the word robota
which means labor. Fadlisyah and Sayuti in their book Robot Vision explain, a
robot is a tool or machine that works and carries out its activities as well as
human activities as usual. In making a robot there are several conditions that
must have, namely, intelligence, normally it can be said that these conditions
are closely related to the concept of computer programming algorithms for
control applications and motion or light sensor systems. Indonesia, 2008 1312
Fadlisyah and Sayuti, 2009 43 The development of information technology and
industrial automation is very rapid. Computers as an inseparable part of the
industry itself, will inevitably integrate with other disciplines such as
, mechanics, electronics, programming and others. When the emergence of
mechatronics or can be called the science of mechanics and electronics, which
in various forms such as industrial tools including robots. Then coupled with
artificial intelligence that functions as its brain, with that comes the form of an
intelligent robot.
History of the Development of Robotics
The initial intention initiated by scientists was to want to make a robot that did
not come from the discipline of electronics but came from the discipline of
biology. At that time biological scientists wanted to create creatures that had
the characteristics they wanted. However, due to the limitations of science and
technology at that time, this desire has not been realized. At that time, all that
humans could create was a simple mechanical device that could help daily life.
Fadlisyah and Sayuti, 2009 68 Scientists, even artists also play a role in the
history of the emergence of robots because of their imagination and creativity
about robots which are contained in novels, plays and films. In the 19th
century, robots began to be developed by engineering engineers because of
their expertise in mechanics. After known control engineering science, robots
began to be studied by electrotechnical disciplines. Sandler, 1999 Zielinska,
2019 The term robot itself who first used this term in 1921 was Karel Capek, a
Czech writer, who managed to write in his work Rossums Universal Robot.
Robot comes from the word robota in Czech means forced labor. In 1941,
science fiction writer Isaac Asimov introduced the term robotics in his work
entitled Liar. Isaaac Asimov did not realize that it was he who first introduced
this term and made others aware of it. Since the science and technology of
electrical objects is called electronics, he assumed that the term robotics is
used for the science and technology of robots. Surjono, 2011 42 Finally it was
agreed that robotics is a technology and science of robot engineering which
includes designing, manufacturing, applying, and determining structures,
which are closely related to electronics, mechanics, and software. Zielinska,
2019 Along with the development of computing technology and software,
robotics has also experienced very rapid development. This rapid development
began in the early 1950s. In 1948, William Grey Walter built the robots Elmer
and Elsie, two autonomous robots shaped like turtles. In 1956, George Devol
and Joseph Engelberger agreed to form the world's first robot company. Devol
himself predicts that robots will later become a very important part of the
industrial world that works as factory operators and helpers for workers in
running factory machines.
The concept of robotics according to Ibn Ismail al-Jazari
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