Complete revision notes for the Unit 4 side of the US Politics A Level course. These notes were created using multiple textbooks, websites, books, articles, journals and undergraduate essays. They contain content beyond the level required to achieve a top grade at A2 level politics, and include sub...
Federalism
Definition:
• “A theory of government by which political power is divided between a national government
and state governments, each having their own area of substantive jurisdiction” – A.J. Bennett
Where did US federalism come from?
• From 1787, the USA struggled with the question of where authority should lie
o They had a distaste for centralised power after the British tyrannical rule, and there
was a strong sense of loyalty to and identification with their states
o There was a fear that 13 independent states would be took weak to repel invasion from
more advanced foreign powers
• The solution to this was split authority, with powers reserved for both the President and
Congress, but also for individual states
Federalism in the Constitution:
• The term itself does not appear in the constitution of 1787 and it is arguable the extent to
which the current system conforms with the true definition of federalism
• The constitution is not explicit on the relationship between the federal and state
governments, but rather implied:
o Article 1, section 8 gives Congress the power to regulate ‘commerce among the
several states’
o Section 10 forbids the states from making treaties with other countries, imposing import
or export taxes, and maintaining an army
o The 10th Amendment effectively outlines that the states have all the powers that the
government doesn’t
• Thus, it is hard to claim that the powers of the states are entrenched in the constitution, and
there is deliberate vagueness meaning that the extent of power that the states wield is up to the
government of the time
• There are some enumerated powers set out (explicit powers, e.g. Congress to coin money and
the President to be commander-in-chief), implied powers (e.g. the elastic clause) and
concurrent powers (joint powers e.g. the power to tax)
Is federalism a fixed and protected concept?
• Yes:
o Duties of the President (Commander-in-Chief) and Congress (coin money and declaration
of war) are clearly designated and set out in the Constitution (enumerated powers) and
the 10th Amendment (1791) reserves all other rights to the states
o The Constitution explicitly carves up taxation powers between state and federal
government
o The Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to umpire all disagreements between
federal and state governments
• No:
o Westward expansion of the USA
§ The US developed from 13 to 50 states
§ The federal government has arguably had to increase its influence to coordinate
and unify such a land mass
o Population growth
§ From 4m (1790) to 275m (2000)
§ The Federal Government has had to grow to manage the social implications and
administrative pressures of this
o Industrialisation and globalisation
§ From a nation of small landowners to rapid urbanisation
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller maxcollingbourne. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £3.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
