TNCC Written Exam 2023 Questions and
Answers
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps
predict the outcome of resuscitation? - -Base deficit used in conjunction with
serum lactate
-Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the
cerebral vasculature? - -Vasoconstriction
-What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - -Metabolic
acidosis
-What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - -Neurogenic shock
-Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting
in what? - -Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
-Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of
injury? - -Compartment Syndrome
-What is a high risk of frostbite? - -Thrombus formation
-What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a
frostbite injury along with rewarming? - -Tissue plasminogen activator or
non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
-An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - -
Peripheral resistance
-What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric
patient? - -Reverse Trendelenburg
-Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb
fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? - -Secondary Phase
-What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury
including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - -
Quaternary Phase
-What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast
and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object? - -Tertiary Phase
, -What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under
pressurization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic
membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild
traumatic brain injury? - -Primary Phase
-Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine,
general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - -
Rhabdomyolosis
-Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia,
hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung
sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension? - -Pulmonary Embolus
-Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral
changes, altered level of consciousness? - -Increased intracranial pressure
-Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation,
widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and
decreased respiratory effort? - -Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation
Syndrome
-What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal
artery? - -Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
-Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches,
dizziness and nausea. - -Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain
Injury
-Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not
worsen. - -Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
-Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - -MAP - ICP
-What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - -35-45
-Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease
ICP? - -Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
-Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - -Constriction d/t low CO2
-Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - -Fixed and dilated
-Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - -small; large
-Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine
- -large