Lecture notes
Chapter 21 - DNA Biology and Technology
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This file covers the 21st chapter of the textbook Human Biology by Sylvia Mader for the Biology course () in UoS
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TEST BANK FOR HUMAN BIOLOGY, 12TH EDITION– SYLVIA MADER
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Chapter 20 - Patterns of Genetic Inheritance
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Chapter 18 - Patterns of Chromosome Inheritance
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Chapter 8 - DNA Biology and TechnologyDNA is the genetic material that is found in the form of chromosomes, mostly in the nucleus
of eukaryotic cells
The genetic material (DNA) must be able to:
Replicate to be passed on to the next generation
Store information
Undergo mutations to provide genetic diversity
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,DNA & RNA Comparison
Similarities Differences
Both are nucleic acids DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded
Made of nucleotides DNA has thymine (T) while RNA has uracil (U)
Have sugar-phosphate RNA is also found in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus while
backbones DNA is not
Found in the nucleus Deoxyribose is in DNA while there's ribose in RNA
Proteins
Composed of subunits of amino acids
Sequence of amino acids determines the shape of protein
Synthesized at the ribosomes
Important for diverse functions in the body including hormones, enzymes and transport
Can denature causing a loss of function
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, Gene Expression
Two Steps:
Transcription
A portion of DNA (gene) is read to make a mRNA in the nucleus of the cells · (i.e.: a sequence of nu
Translation
Reading the mRNA to make a protein in the cytoplasm · (i.e., a sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is
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