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WGU D094/D167 Key terms and concepts/132 Questions and Answers
WGU D094/D167 Key terms and concepts/132 Questions and Answers
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WGU D094/D167 Key terms and concepts/132Questions and Answers
Describe the first tier of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. - -Physiological:
biological needs for survival such as food, water, shelter
-Describe the second tier of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. - -Safety:
protection from the elements, financial/physical security, law and order,
freedom from fear
-Describe the third tier of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. - -Love and
belonging: Involve interpersonal relationships: friendships, intimacy, trust,
belonging to a group
-Describe the fourth tier of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. - -Esteem: self-
respect, achievement, independence, status, prestige
-Describe the fifth tier of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. - -Self-Actualization:
personal growth and fulfillment-a desire to become everything one is capable
of becoming
-What is the last need known as in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? - -self-
fulfillment or a growth need
-What are the four stages of Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory? - -
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
-Define Schemas. - -categories of knowledge that help us interpret and
understand the world
-Define Assimilation - -process of taking in new info into our already existing
schemas
-Define Accommodation - -changing or altering our existing schemas in light
of new information - new schemas may be developed
-Define equilibration - -maintain a balance between assimilation and
accommodation
-How did Vygotsky view cognitive development? - --Most learning occurs via
social interaction
-no general stages of development
-establish opportunities for learners to interact w more skilled individuals
-emphasized major role for language in cognitive dev
, -Define Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - -Vygotsky's idea: describes
the range of tasks that an individual can complete while learning new
information
-What are the first six stages in Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial
development? - -Trust v Mistrust (birth-1yr)
Autonomy v Shame and Doubt (1-3 yrs)
Initiative v Guilt (3-6 yrs)
Industry v Inferiority (6-12 yrs)
Identity v Role Confusion (12-18 yrs)
Intimacy v Isolation (20s-40s)
-What are the 3 models that Bandura proposes for how people could learn
new skills? - -live (live demonstration or model)
verbal (action or behavior is described)
symbolic (behavior is modeled through characters in media)
-Who believed learning is acquired through observation, imitation, and
modeling? - -Albert Bandura
-What are the three levels of Kohlberg's Stages of moral development? - -
Preconventional, conventional and postconventional
-Who proposed that when dealing with morality, a woman's perspective was
unique because it prioritized relationships, networks of people, and
communication over abstract conceptions of right or wrong? - -Carol Gilligan
-Describe the idea of Universal grammar. - -the belief that there are certain
grammatical rules all human languages share.
-How did B.F. Skinner believe that language was acquired? - -Through
environmental influence: children learn language based on behaviorist
principles such as reinforcement and feedback, and by associating words
with meanings
-What is operant conditioning in terms of learning language development? -
-receiving "rewards" or reinforcement for using language in a functional
manner.
-Define the four-term contingency that Skinner believed was the basis of
language development. - -1) motivating operations
2) discriminative stimuli
3) response to language use
4) reinforcing stimuli
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