BIOD 152 Anatomy and Physiology Module 5 Work Lab Complete Latest Updated Geneva College
basic questions and answers on organisation of the body in anatomy and physiology
Test bank Exam (elaborations) Health Care Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (10th edition) with 100% verified questions and answers.
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HLTH1004
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HLTH1004 Human Bioscience
Respiratory system
Pulmonary ventilation
Air enters the lungs larynx trachea 2 main bronchi second bronchi bronchioles alveoli.
Breathing: Centres in the brainstem
Regulating the rhythm : Pons & Medulla
inspiration volume pressure – air flows in
expiration - volume pressure – air flows out
Intrapleural pressure – pressure within the pleural cavity. Always -ve.
Atmospheric pressure: 1 atmosphere = 760 mmHg at sea level
% mmHg (partial pressure)
Nitrogen (N2) 78.6% x760= 597 (PN2)
Oxygen (O2) 20.9% x760= 159 (PO2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.04% x760= 0.3 (PCO2)
Water (H2O) 0.46% x760= 3.7 (PH2O)
Boyle's law: constant temperature for a fixed mass, the absolute pressure and the volume of a gas are inversely
proportional.
Dalton’s law - partial pressures of gases: In a mixture of gases, the total pressure equals the sum of the partial pressures of
each gas.
Henry’s law: the quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its
solubility.
Frank–Starling law of the heart: a greater preload (end-diastolic volume) stretching cardiac muscle fibers just
before they contract increases their force of contraction until the stretching becomes excessive.
VC = ERV + TV + IRV
, HLTH1004 Human Bioscience
Urinary system
Consists of 2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, Bladder, Urethra
Kidney: 150g, (12 x 6 x 3) cm
Take 20% of Cardio Output (CO)
Function of Kidney
Very Volume (BP): control blood volume
Clever Concentration: Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-
Pigeon Ph
Migrate Metabolism: Glucose, Glycogenesis, Glycolysis, Vitamin D
East Excretion: Waste (Urea, Creatine), Drugs (H2O soluble), Toxin
E Endocrine: Hormones regulation (Calcitriol:the active form of vitamin D,regulate calcium homeostasis/
Erythropoietin: stimulates the production of red blood cells. (enzyme: Renin, ADH)
The kidneys maintain a relatively constant blood osmolarity close to 300 milliosmoles per litre (mOsm/litre).
MALES VS. FEMALES (urethra)
• The urethra is five times longer in males than in females.
• The urethra is divided into three segments in males but is only one short tube in females.
• The urethra is a common duct for the urinary and reproductive systems in males. These two systems are entirely
separate in females.
Specific Gravity (SG): density of urine compared to density of water.
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