CMY2603 EXAM PACK 2023 100+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
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Module
CMY2603 - Child And Youth Misbehaviour
Institution
University Of South Africa
Question 1:
Discuss the role of the family as a primary socialising agent:
The family unit is the most important institution for the education and socialisation of
the child. The idea of “the family” conjures up an image of parents and children, as
well as domestic warmth and happiness. The...
CMY2603 EXAM PACK
2023 100+ QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT
ANSWERS.
, Question 1:
Discuss the role of the family as a primary socialising agent:
The family unit is the most important institution for the education and socialisation of
the child. The idea of “the family” conjures up an image of parents and children, as
well as domestic warmth and happiness. The father is the head of the household and
his duty is to provide for and protect the family, while the mother is the caregiver.
This, however, is not always the case and the context of family life is rapidly
changing in the Western world.
Many households in South Africa survive with multiple caregivers and relationships
are maintained across long distances (e.g. domestic workers who live on their
employer’s premises and choose or are forced to have their children cared for
elsewhere). High divorce and remarriage rates often result in female-headed single-
parent families and/or step- or blended families. Because of economic and/or social
factors, these families are often unable to function as adequate support systems.
Primary socialisation is, therefore, to a large extent shared with other social
institutions such as schools. Emotional poverty, or the lack of love and affection
normally associated with being fed, clothed and cared for, is often the end result.
Adequate social support networks, which often instil a sense of belonging, enable
children to accept responsibility and to act responsibly. However, when the family
becomes dysfunctional and discordant, children often leave the home to spend more
and more time on the streets, which gradually draws them into criminal associations.
As modern families often struggle to provide the nurture and support needed during
childhood and adolescence, primary prevention projects aimed at improving the
ability of families to rear and support children should be a priority.
Where there are no or only negative support networks, positive ones need to be
created. In cases where both parents work outside the home, adequate alternative
supervision and care should be ensured, and parents should be encouraged to use
infant and child day-care facilities or afterschool care, for example. Parents are the
most important socialising agents in a child’s life, thus implying that everything that
happens in the family system has a considerable influence on the future of the child.
It can therefore be deduced that primary prevention remains the primary
responsibility of parents.
,Empowering parents by instructing them on aspects such as basic care of infants,
child development, the disciplinary needs of children and conflict resolution would
therefore seem to be one of the most basic preventative measures that can be
implemented to prevent youth misbehaviour and crime. Any form of parent
effectiveness training as well as family skills training can be beneficial in
strengthening the family structure and bonding process.
It is imperative that parents are educated on how to take charge of their life, to
accept the responsibility of parenting and to be competent parents. This could be
done by using brochures, educational sessions (such as workshops) and the media.
Furthermore, Roelofse states that parent training should be aimed at instructing
parents on the demands and responsibilities associated with raising children (i.e.
how to set clear expectations for their behaviour, monitor behaviour, reinforce
positive behaviour, provide consequences of or sanctions for inappropriate
behaviour, develop and use effective communication skills, nurture children, and
improve interaction to promote their bonding within the family context).
In addition, emphasis should be placed on the importance of effective financial
planning as well as aspects such as conflict resolution and how to treat juveniles
who are in the puberty phase. Children must also be taught moral, spiritual and civic
values, as a decline in these can contribute to misbehaviour. In line with the South
African government’s Moral Regeneration Movement that is aimed at promoting
human rights, ethical behaviour and the values enshrined in the
Constitution of the country, any opportunity to teach children positive values must be
used. According to Liesel, an effective proactive strategy for preventing youth crime
would be to offer programmes aimed at reinforcing and internalising positive
individual traits such as discipline, trustworthiness, self-respect, responsibility and
good citizenship, as well as providing life skills training (i.e. training in the basic skills
children need to become socially, ethically, emotionally, physically and cognitively
competent, such as the ability to manage anger and stress, to maintain good
interpersonal relationships and to respect human rights).
Youth-at-risk programmes, such as the life skills camps offered by Conquest for Life,
are aimed at reinforcing and internalising positive individual traits. Conquest for Life
is a self-sustaining youth organisation that works with more than 40 000 children and
juveniles per month. Some of their programmes include afterschool programmes,
mentorship programmes, workshops for parents, a job-creation project, computer
training, and programmes aimed at young mothers, as well as three-week life skills
camps that take place at their farm, Dreamland, in De Deur, Vereeniging. This
programme aims to target youth in the community who are at risk of becoming
involved in gangsterism and drug abuse.
, Some of the focuses of these camps are diversity, communication, goal setting, job
preparation and conflict resolution. More than 40 camps have been held since 1996,
with more than 1 500 youths attending.
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