(Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual, Fetal Pig Version 11e Elaine Marieb, Susan Mitchell, Lori
Smith)
(Instructor Guide)
Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Safety Procedures
1. Upon entering the laboratory, locate exits, fire extinguisher, fire blanket, chemical
shower, eye wash -station, first aid kit, broken glass containers, and cleanup materials
for spills.
2. Do not eat, drink, smoke, handle contact lenses, store food, or apply cosmetics or lip
balm in the laboratory. Restrain long hair, loose clothing, and dangling jewelry.
3. Students who are pregnant, taking immunosuppressive drugs, or who have any other
medical condition (e.g., diabetes, immunological defect) that might necessitate special
precautions in the laboratory must inform the instructor -immediately.
4. Wearing contact lenses in the laboratory is inadvisable because they do not provide
eye protection and may trap material on the surface of the eye. If possible, wear
regular eyeglasses instead.
5. Use safety glasses in all experiments involving liquids, aerosols, vapors, and gases.
6. Decontaminate work surfaces at the beginning and end of every laboratory period,
using a commercially prepared disinfectant or 10% bleach solution. After labs
involving dissection of preserved material, use hot soapy water or disinfectant.
7. Keep liquids away from the edge of the lab bench to help avoid spills. Clean up spills
of viable materials using disinfectant or 10% bleach solution.
8. Properly label glassware and slides.
9. Use mechanical pipeting devices; mouth pipeting is prohibited.
10. Wear disposable gloves when handling blood and other body fluids, mucous
membranes, or nonintact skin, and/or when touching items or surfaces soiled with
blood or other body fluids. Change gloves between procedures. Wash hands
immediately after removing gloves. (Note: Cover open cuts or scrapes with a sterile
bandage before donning gloves.)
11. Place glassware and plastic ware contaminated by blood and other body fluids in a
disposable autoclave bag for decontamination by autoclaving or place them directly
into a 10% bleach solution before reuse or disposal. Place disposable materials such
as gloves, mouthpieces, swabs, and toothpicks that come into contact with body fluids
into a disposable autoclave bag, and decontaminate before disposal.
12. To help prevent contamination by needle stick injuries, use only disposable needles
and lancets. Do not bend needles and lancets. Needles and lancets should be placed
promptly in a labeled puncture-resistant leakproof container and -decontaminated,
preferably by autoclaving.
13. Do not leave heat sources unattended.
14. Report all spills or accidents, no matter how minor, to the instructor.
15. Never work alone in the laboratory.
16. Remove protective clothing and wash hands before leaving the laboratory.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ix
,Laboratory Safety Acknowledgment Form
I hereby certify that I have read the safety recommendations provided for the laboratory
and have located all of the safety equipment listed in Safety Procedure Number 1 of these
procedures.
Student’s Name ______________________________________________________
Course_____________________________________________________________
Date_____________
Instructor’s Name ____________________________________________________
Adapted from:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), 5th Edition. 2009.
US Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.
www.cdc.gov/od/OHS/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions:
Preventing Transmission of Infections Agents in Healthcare Settings.
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/bp_universal_precautions.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007 School Chemistry Laboratory Safety
Guide. www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-107/
Johnson, Ted, and Christine Case. 2012. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology, Tenth
Edition. San Francisco, CA: -Benjamin Cummings.
x Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Trends in Instrumentation
Robert Anthony and Alan Wade, Triton College
Peter Zao, North Idaho College
Susan J. Mitchell, Onondaga Community College
This section is designed for instructors interested in incorporating additional
laboratory technologies and instrumentation into their anatomy and physiology
courses. The following techniques will introduce students to some standard approaches
and instrumentation currently used in clinical and research facilities. Although these
techniques are used in various biology and chemistry laboratory courses, many
students in basic anatomy and physiology are not routinely introduced to these skills.
Rather than detailing specific laboratory procedures, this discussion will provide
insight into some of the options for bringing technology into the introductory anatomy
and physiology laboratory.
One of the standard methods available to medical technicians and researchers is
computerized data acquisition. Currently available computer packages can measure
and analyze various aspects of -cardiac, reflex, muscle, and respiratory physiology.
Other standard methods include chromatography, spectrophotometry, and
electrophoresis. Applications of available computer data acquisition systems and
clinical technologies for use in an anatomy and physiology laboratory are listed on the
following pages. Included in each application are relevant exercises in the laboratory
manual and a brief description of each possible application. A list of companies
offering appropriate products is included in Appendix A.
Computerized Data Acquisition
Computerized equipment is commonly used to monitor patients in today’s allied health
areas. We have found that students appreciate the brief exposure to computers in our labs.
Incorporating computer-based exercises into the lab also generates increased interest
because most students realize that they will be using computers in their chosen
professions.
Analog-to-digital converters can be used to create customized physiological data
collection systems. Easy to use computer data acquisition systems include BIOPAC®,
PowerLab®, Intelitool®, iWorx®, and Vernier® -systems. The packages are designed for
use in college-level courses and require minimal computer experience.
Directions for BIOPAC® are included in the lab manual. Exercises using PowerLab®,
iWorx®, and -Intelitool® can be downloaded from the Instructor Resource section of the
MasteringA&P companion website for the lab manuals at www.masteringaandp.com. The
Vernier system can be easily adapted to sections of Exercise 31.
General Tips for Computer Data Acquisition Systems Use in the Laboratory
The following ideas are general guidelines designed as an introduction to the operation of
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. xi
, computer acquisition systems. Each system contains the software, equipment, and basic
instructions needed to conduct the -experiments on a computer.
Starting the Laboratory
• Prepare the laboratory for a computer-assisted data acquisition exercise by connecting
the transducers and cables to the computer.
• Run through each exercise yourself so that you have a good idea of how much time is
required to -complete the activities in the given lab time period.
• You may wish to start the program so that the main menu is visible as the students sit
down to work. If computer novices are left to start and prepare the system by
themselves, their initial frustration may waste valuable lab time and detract from the
experience.
• Once the program menu is up, students should be able to follow the exercise
procedures without difficulty.
• It may be helpful to have an introductory lab designed to introduce the students to the
general operation of the system.
Exercises Based on the PowerLab® System
Laboratory Exercises with PowerLab® instructions are available for download from the
Instructor Resource -section of MasteringA&P for the following lab exercises:
Exercise 14 Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Frogs and Human Subjects
Exercise 21 Human Reflex Physiology
Exercise 31 Conduction System of the Heart and Electrocardiography
Exercise 33 Human Cardiovascular Physiology: Blood Pressure and Pulse
Determinations
Exercise 34 Frog Cardiovascular Physiology
Exercise 37 Respiratory System Physiology
Comments and tips specific to each exercise are included in the instructions.
Exercises Based on iWorx®
Laboratory Exercises with iWorx® instructions are available for download from the
Instructor Resource section of MasteringA&P for the following lab exercises:
Exercise 14 Electromyography in a Human Subject Using iWorx®
Exercise 18 Electroencephalography Using iWorx®
Exercise 21 Measuring Reaction Time Using iWorx®
Exercise 31 Electrocardiography Using iWorx®
Exercise 33 Measuring Pulse Using iWorx®
Exercise 34 Recording Baseline Frog Heart Activity
Exercise 37 Measuring Respiratory Variations
xii Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
