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Summary 3.4.1 Dna, genes and chromosomes
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- AQA
Markscheme Specific notes for 3.4.1 for the specification
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Made by Stephanie Mazambi3.4.1 DNA, genes and chromosomes
Describe Eukaryotic DNA - Long
- Linear
- Associated w/ Histones (proteins)
- Coiled
Describe Prokaryotic DNA - Short
- Circular
- Not Associated w/ Histones
(proteins)
Describe DNA in mitochondria and - Similar to prokaryotic DNA
chloroplasts - sHORT
- Circular
- Not associated with proteins
What is a gene? Section of DNA that codes for the amino
acid sequence of a polypeptide and
functional RNA (tRNA and rRNA)
What is a locus/loci? Specific linear position of a gene on a
certain chromosome
What is a histone? Proteins which together with DNA
What is the nature of the genetic code? ● Triplet (sequence of three dna
bases) for specific amino acid
● Universal
● Non-overlapping
● Degenerate
What is an exon? Portion(s) of DNA within a gene that codes
for proteins
What is an Intron? Portion(s) of DNA within a gene that does
not code for proteins
What is an Allele? Alternative form of a gene with different
base sequences (and therefore codes)
Define genome The complete set of genes in a cell
Define proteome The full range of proteins that a
call/genome is able to produce
Define Homologous Pair of chromosomes Pair of chromosomes with the same gene
but different alleles
3.4.2 DNA and protein synthesis
Describe the structure of messenger RNA - Single stranded
(mRNA) - Straight chain helix
- Made during transcription
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