Lecture notes
What is packaging of parenterals?
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- Institution
Its includes packaging of parental,types materials etc
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PACKAGING:It is the art, science and technology to enclose and protecting the material. It is done so that the
product can retain its therapeutic effectiveness from the time of manufacturing to the time of
consuming.
PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING:
The combination of components required to contain, preserve, protect and deliver a safe,
efficacious product at any time point before expiration dating is called as pharmaceutical
packaging.
Types of packaging:
Primary packaging:
The packaging which is in direct contact with the formulation held in it is called as primary
packaging. For example, a glass bottle is in direct contact with the syrup.
Secondary packaging:
The packaging which is not in direct contact with formulation or which is used to provide
protection to the primary packaging and formulation is called as secondary packaging. Example:
Cartoon packaging.
Tertiary packaging:
It is an another type of packaging which is generally used when a large number of containers
having product have to be transport from one place to another place. Example: 100 containers of
syrups are packed in one cartoon and then transport to another place.
Ideal properties for a packaging material:
It should be stable.
It should be compatible with contents.
It should be able to protect the formulation.
It should be non-toxic.
It should not reactive with the formulation.
It should be FDA approved.
It should be impermeable to moisture, oxygen and other gases.
It should provide protection against light.
It should be cost effective.
It should be resistant to corrosive liquids and other solvents.
It should have proper strength.
Functions of packaging:
, Protection:
It should provide protection against all external environmental conditions which may affect its
quality or potency like moisture. Light, oxygen etc.
Product identification:
It should help in identification of product contain in it.
Facilitating the use of product:
It should be easy to open, handle and use by the consumer.
Product promotion:
It is used for promotional and attracting the attention of the people while purchasing.
MATERIAL USED FOR PACKAGING
Glass:
It is commonly used material for packaging of pharmaceuticals. It is generally composed of:
SiO2(sand), Na2CO3(Soda ash) and CaCO3(Lime stone) and cullet (Fusing agent in glass)
The high melting point of glass is due to presence of silica and it can be modified by addition of
various oxides. Decrease in amount of sodium in glass, increases the chemical resistant power
of glass but without sodium or potassium glass is difficult or expensive to manufacture. Boron
oxide is added in glass to achieve melting point of glass. Lead is added in glass to increase the
clarity of the glass but it may also produce soft glass. Aluminium oxide is added in glass to
increase the hardness and durability of the glass.
Manufacturing of glass:
Following four processes are used for manufacturing of glass:
1. Blowing: It uses compressed gas to convert the melted glass into cavity of a mold.
2. Drawing: In this melted glass is pulled through dies or rollers to give it shape.
3. Pressing: In this, mechanical force or pressure is applied to melted glass in the cavity of
a mold.
4. Casting: In this, gravity or centrifugal force is used to convert the melted glass into the
cavity of mold.
Types of glass:
Glass is of four types:
1. Type I glass (Borosilicate glass or highly resistant glass)
2. Type II glass (Treated soda lime glass)
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