Q1. Explain why the Tsarist regime was able to
survive the 1905 Revolution. [10]
The support of the army still existed - the importance of the army’s support is proven
by it’s absence in 1917 when the army no longer supported the Tsar - Army helped
them suppressed dissent in 1905 after the king issues the october manifesto since it
didnt appeal to the working class or the peasantry
Disorganization + division of aims amongst revolutionaries (social democrats wanted
marxism while social revolutionaries wanted to socialize all land with a democratic
republic - protests scattered all over + socio economic devisions (peasants vs
workers vs middle class)
The Tsar gave the people reforms - October Manifesto (Duma, free speech, voting
rights, ability to voice their problems) - this meant that the middle class who had
liberal demands were satisfied especially because the violence in revolutionaries
was damaging their properties
Q2. Political issues caused the 1905 Revolution.’ How
far do you agree? [20]
Fact Files Russia 1
, Argument
Tsar Autocratic rule - time when people wanted a say/role in the ruling of the country
- Europe at the time was somewhat democratic at the time while Russia wasn’t
Suppressed political opposition - Use of the okrahana to crack down on any dissent -
people couldn’t even protest legally
Inefficient political system - Tsar hired people based on their ranking rather than
merit basis - They also had no implementing powers only advisory - Instead of telling
the Tsar the truth the State council gave him advice he wanted to hear rather than
advice he needed. He also failed to clarify the powers of the senate.
Bloody Sunday - Deep rooted political issues caused the Bloody Sunday incident -
Father Gapon marched to the Winter palace - Even though Tsar wasnt in the palace
- theguards open fired into the crowd - immediate cause of the revolution - Even
though not at the command of the Tar, it was in line with his past actions - eroded his
legitimacy as little father
Counterargument
Russo Japanese war - Russia had a humiliating defeat against Japan which was
seen as an inferior force - highlighted the military’s weaknesses in front of the entire
country’s population
Social issues resulting from rapid industrialization - massive rural to urban migration
(housing issues) + lack of regulation over maximum working hours + bad working
conditions + low wages
Russification - enforcement of Russian culture on ethnic minorities - triggered
demand for greater political and social reform
Economic issues - high food prices bcs less food + made worse by exporting lots of
food + crop failure in 1905 - railroads were highly limited - made it difficult to
transport food
Q3. ‘Between 1906‒14 the Tsarist regime had
overcome the opposition to it.’ How far do you agree
with this statement? [20]
Argument
The aristocracy and church depended on the regime itself to survive - they realized
this after the revolution and became more than willing to become firm supporters
Fact Files Russia 2
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