Lecture notes
The family as a developmental context - parenting
- Institution
- Cardiff University (CF)
This document covers different parenting types and the effect that they have on the child's development
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The family as a developmental context: parenting Defining families to reflect diversity of structure
Family is central to microsystem
Family as a context
o Primary social setting
o Origin of disorder lies in problematic relationships
Disorganized or conflicted family relationships
o Family type vs family process
Family process and child development
o Processes within family that affect child development
o Processes within child that explain family effects
Functions of parenting
o Nurture childrens development
o Promote childrens health and wellbeing
o Protect children
o Instil sense of personal responsibility for own and family future
Typology of parenting
o Diana Baumrind (1973)
Parenting tradition
Differences in rules applied and enforced
Enforcement determines difference in development and achievement
Emphasis on overarching parenting style, not parenting behaviours
‘parenting styles’ – behaviours and attitudes that set emotional climate of
interactions
o Maccoby and Martin (1983)
Extension of Baumrind’s work
Converge on 2 dimensions:
Emotional responsiveness
o Emotional orientation – warm and responsive -> cold,
rejecting and hostile
Control/demandingness
o Appropriate rule and boundary setting -> authoritarian
power assertion -> indifference and neglect
o 4 main parenting styles:
Authoritative
Demanding, but warm and responsive
Clear standards
Children develop autonomy
Attentive to needs and concerns
Measured and consistent in discipline
Children tend to be competent, independent, self-assured, popular,
low antisocial behaviour and drug use
Authoritarian
Cold and unresponsive
Controlling and demanding
Children should comply without asking questions or explanation
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