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Circadian Rhythms Introduction
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Getting an understanding of what circadian rhythms are and how they were discovered. Involves a lot of case studies based around the circadian rhythm in plants as well as the understanding of hormones that control such rhythms.

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  • June 26, 2023
  • 4
  • 2020/2021
  • Lecture notes
  • Dr sarah bailey
  • All classes

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Circadian Rhythms

• 1729: French Astronomer Mairan reports that the mimosa plant closes its leaves at night even when kept in
constant darkness
• In other words, they have an internal clock, and do not simply react to the changes in lighting levels




• Latin: circa = approximately, dies = day
• Found in all kingdoms of living organisms
• Internally generated
• Continuously adjusted, entrained, mainly by the external light: dark cycle
• Will persist even without external time cues
• Environment is not constant

• Important, daily changes in environmental factors are predictable:
i. Light
ii. Temperature
iii. Food availability

• Circadian rhythms allow us to anticipate (as opposed to passively, and belatedly, reacting to) these predictable changes



• Sleep-wake rhythm in a human volunteer with and without an external light-dark cycle
• Intrinsically generated circadian rhythms allow us to anticipate (rather than react) to changes across the 24-hour
cycle




1. HORMONES 3. PERFORMANCE
• Melatonin (night) • Alertness (late morning)
• Cortisol (morning)
4. SLEEP
2. PHYSIOLOGY • Night
• Bowel movements (mornings)
• Glomerular filtration (day)
• Blood pressure (early evening)
• Body temperature (early evening




• Cortisol
• Growth hormone
• Sex hormones
• Melatonin




Integration of Physiological Systems Page 1

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