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Lecture notes

Photoreceptor Anatomy

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Contains a summary introduction of the physiology that makes up the eye. There are also some examples of disease that affect the photoreceptors and how they can be treated. As well as this it also contains visual diagrams to help learn the anatomy and you can also refer to the images if the explana...

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  • June 26, 2023
  • 2
  • 2020/2021
  • Lecture notes
  • Dr sarah bailey
  • All classes

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Photoreception Anatomy

• Transparent layer covering the anterior eye chamber
• Provides physical protection as well as refracting (focusing) the incoming light (fine-tuning is provided by the lens)




• The iris is composed of smooth muscles, surrounding a circular hole, the pupil
• Signals from autonomic nerves stimulate the smooth muscles of the iris in order to change the pupil diameter, which
regulated the amount of light entering the eye




• Transparent, refractive tissue
• The transparent and refractive properties of the lens are created by tightly packed
proteins called crystallins
• The body's only dispensable tissue (removed and replaced in cataract surgery)
• Attached by zonular fibres to the ciliary membrane




AQUEOUS HUMOUR
• Fills the anterior compartment in front of the lens
• Low-protein, plasma-like fluid
• If more aqueous humour is formed than what is removed, the result is increased ocular pressure,
glaucoma
• Glaucoma can damage nerve fibres and lead to loss of vision

VITREOUS [HUMOUR]
• Fills the much larger compartment behind the lens
• Clear gelatinous matrix




• The light rays that approach the eye are linear - they need to be bent to project them onto the retina through
refraction
• Cornea - first and strongest refraction
• Lens - fine-tuning by accommodation to perceive objects closer than 9m
• Accommodation is accomplished by retracting ciliary muscles




• HYPEROPIA = farsightedness --> focus behind retina
• MYOPIA = near-sightedness --> focus in front of retina
• ASTIGMATISM = uneven curving of cornea
• PRESBYOPIA (gr= "old eye") = hardening of lens



Integration of Physiological Systems Page 1

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