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Subcortical Control of Movement
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An introduction to parts of the brain that are in control of the process of movement. It gives a brief overview of the parts of the brain involved, before going into more detail about the function and explanation of the receptors, tissues, etc. involved in that area of the brain. It also includes i...

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  • June 26, 2023
  • 3
  • 2020/2021
  • Lecture notes
  • Dr sarah bailey
  • All classes

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Motor Controls Subcortical Control of Movement

• MOTOR CORTICES are NOT the ONLY BRAIN AREAS INVOLVED IN MOVEMENT
• Multiple subcortical brain areas provide crucial inputs:

i. Thalamus
ii. Cerabellum
iii. Basal Ganglia
iv. Brain stem




• THALAMIC AREAS are MAPPED to CORTICAL AREAS
• MOTOR THALAMUS is MAINLY the VENTROLATERAL THALAMUS
• Two main pathways:

1. Cerebellum via posterior ventrolateral thalamus to M1 and PMA
2. Basal ganglia via anterior ventrolateral thalamus to SMA

• LESIONS to the THALAMUS have been USED to REDUCE TREMOR in patients
('thalamotomy')




• Cerebellum = large structure near the bottom of the brain (cerebellum = little brain)
• DAMAGE to the CEREBELLUM CAUSES ATAXIA
• ATAXIA = patients show inaccurate and crude movements
• EFFECT of ALCOHOL on MOVEMENT largely due to the INHIBITION of CEREBELLAR FUNCTION




FUNCTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT PARTS:

• Medial zone = connected to the vestibular system (ear)
• LESIONS to the MEDIAL ZONE cause GAIT ATAXIA
• GAIT ATAXIA = problems with standing/walking straight and keeping balance

• Other areas support visually guided and goal directed movements, error processing
and temporal patterning of behaviour through ADDITIONAL PROCESSING OF
SENSORY INFORMATION
Integration of Physiological Systems Page 1

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