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Summary OCR A/AS-Level Biology 2.3.3 DNA Coding £2.99   Add to cart

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Summary OCR A/AS-Level Biology 2.3.3 DNA Coding

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Revision summary of key knowledge from OCR A/AS-Level Biology 2.3.3 DNA Coding.

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  • Chapter 2.3.3
  • June 26, 2023
  • 2
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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DNA Coding
RNA
 Ribonucleic acid contains ribose as the pentose sugar
 The pyrimidine base uracil replaces thymine
 The polynucleotide chain is shorter and single-stranded

Transcription
 A section of the double helix unwinds and unzips, catalysed by the enzyme helicase, and
the hydrogen bonds between bases break
 The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the start codon called the promoter region and
then moves in the 5’-3’ direction, binding RNA nucleotides to DNA nucleotides with
weak, temporary bonds, then stops at the stop codon called the terminator region
 This occurs on one strand of DNA called the template strand
 A length of RNA is produced that is complementary to the template strand and
therefore identical to the other strand, called the coding strand
 The length of RNA is now messenger RNA (mRNA) and passes out of the nucleus
through nuclear pores and attaches to a ribosome

Translation
 Transfer RNA (tRNA) is made in the nucleolus and passes into the cytoplasm
 At one end there are three unpaired nucleotides that recognise and attach to a specific
amino acid
 At the other end there is another triplet of bases (an anticodon) which is
complementary with and binds to a triplet of bases on the mRNA (a codon)
 Sequence of codons determines the sequence of amino acids, which determines the
primary structure of the protein and hence determines which protein is made
 So long as the primary structure is correct, the protein will fold correctly

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