Philosophy: intro to ethics final exam questions & answers 2023/2024
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Module
Philosophy: intro to ethics
Institution
Philosophy: Intro To Ethics
Philosophy: intro to ethics final exam questions & answers 2023/2024
Moral theory - ANSWER-an explanation of what makes an action right or wrong, or what makes a person or things good. its focus is not the rightness or the goodness of specific actions or persons but the very nature of rightness ...
Philosophy: intro to ethics final exam
questions & answers 2023/2024
Moral theory - ANSWER-an explanation of what makes an action right or wrong, or what makes a person
or things good. its focus is not the rightness or the goodness of specific actions or persons but the very
nature of rightness or goodness itself.
Moral code - ANSWER-simply a set of rules. the rules inevitably conflict but provide no means for
resolving their onconsistencies. they have their place in moral life, but they are no substitute for
plausible moral theory.
Considered moral judgment - ANSWER-the datat relevant to the issue a moral theory is supposed to
explain . a moral theory must be consistent witht the data it was introduced to exlpain.
Ethical egoism - ANSWER-normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own
self-interest.
what is the difference between a consequentialist and a non-consequentialist moral theory? - ANSWER-
What does Vaughn say are the three criteria for adequacy of a moral theory? - ANSWER-1. consistency
with our considered judgments
2. consistency with our moral experience
3. usefulness in our moral problem solving
In what sense does Hobbes think that all men are equal? - ANSWER-by nature, created with equal
talents
Why does he think that this equality would lead to conflict? - ANSWER-one's vain sense of one's own
wisdom, which most men think they have more of than the common herd. Individual men are in a state
of war against one another.
What does Hobbes think are the three principle causes of quarrel, and why they are each causes of
, quarrel? - ANSWER-1. competition
- equality of ability produces equality of hope for attaining our goals
-if two men want a single thing which they cant both enjoy, the become enemies
2. distrust
- the most reasonable way for any man to make himself safe is to strike first, that is, by force or cunning
subdue other men
-as many of them as he can, until he sees no other power great enough to endanger him.
-there is mutual distrust among men
3. glory
- every man wants his associates to value him as highly as he values himself
- any sign that he is disregardded or undervalued naturally leads a man to try, as far as he dares, to raise
his calue in the eyes of others.
What does Hobbes mean by Glory? - ANSWER-he means reputation,
What does Hobbes mean by Distrust? - ANSWER-he means safety,
What is Hobbes' idea of the natural condition of mankind? What does Hobbes think this state is like?
Why is this important for Hobbes' theory? - ANSWER-
Clearly explain what Hobbes means by the claim that, without a common power, all men are at war
with each other - ANSWER-he means that when there is no commonality between men then it is literally
every man for himself, they are worried about their own interstes and successes
Explain why Hobbes thinks that his point about war is confirmed by experience - ANSWER-he says this is
confirmed by experience becuase if you think about we behave and think about things we do that are
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