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ChemistryBrynteg comprehensive CF31 3LE
Bonding
Ionic bonds
Dot and cross diagrams are used to show the arrangement of electrons or
ions. the electrons in one atom can be represented by dots, and other atoms
by crosses.
ionic bonding means one atom donates one or more electrons to other
atoms, which can be resulting in a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion
(anion)
Examples
Covalent bonding
in covalent bonding, the atom shares a pair of electrons to form a single
covalent bond. each atom gives one electron to the bonding. if two pairs of
electrons shred, a double bond is formed
Electronegativity
1. what is meant by electronegativity? the ability of an atom to attract
the bonding electrons in a covalent bond
2. suggests why noble gases do not have electro-negativity values.
the outermost shells are full
Polar and non-polar bonds
In a polar bond, the difference in electronegativity between two atoms
causes a permanent dipole.
Van der Waals forces
Intermolecoular forces
intermolecular forces are forces between molecules, these
intermolecular three types are forces that are weaker than
metallic, covalent, or ionic bonds. there are types of
intermolecular forces,dipole-dipole.induced dipole,
Dipole-dipole
polar molecules are dipoles, one end is slightly positive, and the other is
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