Testbank for College Physics from OpenStax College
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Module
Physics
Institution
Chamberlain College Nursing
Testbank for College Physics from OpenStax College
CONTENTS
Contents
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2
Preface
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2 CONTENTS Contents ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Preface .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics ....................................................... 13 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units ............................................................................................. 13 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures ....................................................................... 14 Chapter 2: Kinematics .................................................................................................................. 16 2.1 Displacement ...................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed ................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension ........................................ 18 2.7 Falling Objects ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-‐Dimensional Motion ................................................................. 23 Chapter 3: Two-‐Dimensional Kinematics ..................................................................................... 25 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods ........................................................ 25 3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods ....................................................... 27 3.4 Projectile Motion ................................................................................................................ 29 3.5 Addition of Velocities .......................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 4: Dynamics: Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion ......................................................... 36 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System ..................................................... 36 4.6 Problem-‐Solving Strategies ................................................................................................. 37 4.7 Further Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion ............................................................. 41 Chapter 5: Further Application of Newton’s Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity ......................... 45 3 5.1 Friction ................................................................................................................................ 45 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain ................................................................................................. 46 Chapter 6: Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation ................................................................... 49 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity .................................................................................. 49 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration ..................................................................................................... 50 6.3 Centripetal Force ................................................................................................................ 50 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation .............................................................................. 51 6.6 Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity ................................................... 52 Chapter 7: Work, Energy, and Energy Resources ......................................................................... 54 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition ........................................................................................... 54 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-‐Energy Theorem ................................................................... 55 7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy ............................................................................................ 55 7.7 Power .................................................................................................................................. 56 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans ................................................................................. 57 Chapter 8: Linear Momentum and Collisions ............................................................................... 61 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force ............................................................................................. 61 8.2 Impulse ............................................................................................................................... 61 8.3 Conservation of Momentum ............................................................................................... 62 8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension ................................................................................. 63 8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions ................................................................... 66 8.7 Introduction to Rocket Propulsion ...................................................................................... 68 Chapter 9: Statics and Torque ...................................................................................................... 70 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium ................................................................................ 70 9.3 Stability ............................................................................................................................... 70 4 9.6 Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints .......................................................................... 73 Chapter 10: Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum ............................................................ 74 10.1 Angular Acceleration ......................................................................................................... 74 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia .......................................................... 75 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited ..................................................... 77 10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation ........................................................................ 79 10.6 Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions ............................................................ 79 Chapter 11: Fluid Statics ............................................................................................................... 81 11.2 Density .............................................................................................................................. 81 11.3 Pressure ............................................................................................................................ 81 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid ...................................................................... 82 11.5 Pascal’s Principle ............................................................................................................... 83 11.7 Archimedes’ Principle ....................................................................................................... 85 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action ........................ 87 11.9 Pressures in the Body ....................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 12: Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications .................................... 91 12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity .............................................................................. 91 12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation .......................................................................................................... 92 12.3 The Most General Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation ................................................... 93 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law .................................................................... 93 12.5 The Onset of Turbulence .................................................................................................. 95 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes ............... 96 Chapter 13: Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws ...................................................... 98 13.1 Temperature ..................................................................................................................... 98 5 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids .......................................................................... 99 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law ............................................................................................................. 99 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature ........ 102 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling ................................................................................ 102 Chapter 14: Heat and Heat Transfer Methods ........................................................................... 105 14.2 Temperature Change and Heat Capacity ........................................................................ 105 14.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat ....................................................................................... 106 14.5 Conduction ...................................................................................................................... 108 14.6 Convection ...................................................................................................................... 109 14.7 Radiation ......................................................................................................................... 110 Chapter 15: Thermodynamics .................................................................................................... 113 15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics .................................................................................. 113 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes ..................................... 114 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency ................................................................................................................................................ 115 15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators ................................. 115 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 116 15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation ........................................................................................................... 117 Chapter 16: Oscillatory Motion and Waves ................................................................................ 119 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited ........................................................................ 119 16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations .............................................................................. 120 16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion ..................................................... 120 16.4 The Simple Pendulum ..................................................................................................... 120
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