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Summary Unit 11: Immunity Notes
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Hand-made digital notes and diagrams on the entirety of Immunity Topic written spec-by-spec point to ensure all content is covered Compatible with all exam boards but predominantly CIE

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  • July 12, 2023
  • 8
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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Topic 11 Immunity :




II. 1 The Immune
system
1 .




Describe the action of phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils)


to
response
/ broad Muff of
s




✗ non-specific
pathogen↳ sinan ser of
@✗ ten of receptors




spent'

many types of receptors
✗ ↳
respond
to




Phagocytes are white blood cells that are
produced continuously in the bone marrow




stored in bone marrow , then distributed to the rest
of
the
body

J T
neutrophil
y
remove dead cells and invasive
muiooryaninus
macrophage
lymphocyte
carry
out non
specific immune response
-




ao un]
-




types of phagocyte macrophages
there two main and
are
neutrophils
:




[60-652]
Neutrophils
large numbers from
→ released in their stoves



→ short-lived cells




→ lobed nucleus
-

, ⑧
% Pathogen
Neutrophil mode
of action :




Chemotaxis
Be
Neutrophil
-




1 .




Pathogen secretes chemicals to stimulate
receptors

2 .




Phagocyte moves towards chemical snniulus



)%
: chemotaxis


Receptor for annisocy Recognition
& Attainment
3 .




Phagocyte engulfs pathogen by endocytosis of pathogen
mama

by antibody
by extending a
pseudopod

together by
this is made easier when

antibodies in a
pathogens
process
caved
are stuck


agglutination
]§ Endocytosis


]
4 .




Pathogen stoned in a vesicle Lysosomes
digestive
with


engines
S Venite
fuses lysosome
. with a which

contains
digestive enzymes that help break down the
putting
lysosome
with
fuses
venire
6.
via
Pathogen destroyed by engines and
exits an


exocytosis

Macrophages ÷÷÷) Bacteria
digested


→
layer than neutrophils
Ivied
long
→ -

cells



&
→ don't remain in the blood , move into
organs lymph nodes
travel in blood
→ as
monocytes
Mauophuge mode
of action
destroy pathogens completely
→ donor



-1 cut
pathogens up
to
display antigens of pathogen on their surface
the
→
antigen-presenting an can now be
recognised by lymphocytes

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