Hand-made digital notes and diagrams on the entirety of Selection and Evolution
Topic written spec-by-spec point to ensure all content is covered
Compatible with all exam boards but predominantly CIE
Phenotype↳ the omenawe characteristics
of the 8h9m
Phenotypic variation is the
difference in phenotypes
[generic factors]
between
of organisms of the same species
↳
[ eg
: the
four different
mood
groups
in humans is due to
different individuals within a
population
ABO
having two
of
1 knee
possible alleles
for the
high gene
also due to environmental
factors
↳
plants that are
genetically identical will
grow
to
different heights dependent on
exposure
to coz /
tight / temp
Phenotype Genotype =
+ Environment
Genetic Variation
Independent assortment
In Mt the bnirlents are lined
equator of the cell
→
on the
,
up
It
→ is charm to the orientation in which the chromosomes are
aligned
Different combinations variation
possible leading
to
- :
→
.
crossing over
At the
of PI the
together form
bivalent
→
homologous pairs
Shun come to a
,
sister chromatids other
wrap around each
→
exchange of genetic
→ causes a chiasma where there is an material
→ results in new combinations
of genes
Reduction & Fusion [ RANDOM FERN Lisanow] Random
of gametes →
mating
→ reduces chromosome number to
form
Mutation
haploid
a on →
→
any of the aus
produced from meiosis ↳ results in a
generation
[ of
be used as a
gamete new alleles
can
with
→ one
haploid gamete will
define
form zygote
another to a with a can be
advantageous / dis
completely different of chromosomes
from parents
its
set
-
( or
, either an
no
effect
insertion /deletion /
swmhtirtnin
base
of a
↳ codes
for a
different codon
↳ can be nonsense/
Missense
, Environmental
futon →
length of sunlight hours
supply of
]
→ nutrients
availability of
has
→ water an
effect on how
organisms
temperature range grow develop
→
1-
levels
oxygen
→
Variation in
phenotype sorely by environmental faith
cannot be inherited
organism's offspring
caused in an
Variation : Discontinuous t continuous
Variation difference that exists things
is a between at team two
[ NS] Variation differences that exist between
refers to the individuals
of species
a
Discontinuous Variation
individuals
differences
phenotypes of
Qualitative in the within
population gives rise to denimtwins
a
✓anti him
↳
fan distinguishable
into discrete and
categories
↳ cannon he measured over a
range e.g
↳
types
: blood
have features that
↳ individuals cannot
full Misetneeen
categories
\
It is to identify dvivnhinrus variation when /table due to the distinct
easythat when data
present in
afmpn
categories exist is
plotted
.
Genetic basis :
solely genetic futon
→ due to
phenotype genotype
→ =
→ different genes have different effects on the
phenotyse
→
different alleles with same Iori have large eltut on the
phenotype
Conhnius Variation
Quantitative
differences in the
phenotypes of indieduals within population for pathiukw characteristics
a
→
don't into discrete
fire caregivers
range of
→ a values exist
human
→
eg
mass
of
: a
human
height of a
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