Lecture notes
Module 7: from RNA to protein
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- The University Of Manchester (UOM)
Module 7 notes with pictures and recommended reading.
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Lecture 1 the genetic codeProtein synthesis translation
the genetic code
proteins made from ro amino acids butthere are only a nucleotides in mrna Hence a group
or nucleotides is required to code for 20 aminoacids
a nucleotides 16 possible aminoacids
3 nucleotides 64 possible amino acids
A 3 nucleotide or triplet code is used to specifyamino acids
a codon
How genetic was broken the nirenberg maithaei Experiment
made an extract of bacteria took a load of bacteria
and broke them all up to get cellfree extract
added a sequence of Rna polyus with na amino
acids and one was radioactively labelled
different aminoacid was labeled in each test tube
isolated the polypeptides that arose from those
round that only with labeled one they would get
a labeled polypeptide
part or genetic code was cracked as it snowed that
3 u codes for phenylamine and that Rna determines
the protein
other aminoacid chains were discovered when started using different sequences or poly
nucleotides
stop codon when this particular sequence was
readbytranslation operators translation
would stop
Degenerate
there are some aminoacids where a lot of different
combinations different codons will give rise to them
eg thr
three stop codons
some aminoacids are onlycoded for by one codon
eg methionine Avco
tryptophan UGG
, Reading frames
sequence of codons that runs from a specific start codon to a specific stop codon is an open
reading frame
you get a different sequence or amino acids depending on where the actual code started to
be read first second third and so on position
choice of this position reading frame
almost every protein chain initiates with avo codes for methionine but not all met codons are equal
then every three bases are translated until one of thethree stop codons which are una von vac
onlycodes for one meaning it is not a
viablecode for polypeptide
does not start with met whichmeans it
most likely is not viable
starts with met which probably means it is
a viable reading frame
transfer Rna trna structure and function
trna molecule will be joined to a amino acid sequence and will base pair the mrna to place
that amino acid in the correct position so that it can be made into a polypeptide chain
has anticodon which interacts base pairs with mama codon
aminoacid receptor arm wherethe amino acidbinds
nucleotide chain
single pony
ist arm amino acid binds
TWCarm contains modified bases
1
Ganticodon
arm contains three bases which will base pair with mrna
function of trna link to a specific amino acid and base pair to right codon in mania
to create polypeptide chain
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