Other
ALL A01 PHILOSOPHY ESSAY PLANS (20 markers)
- Module
- Unit 3 - Religion and Ethics
- Institution
- WJEC
ALL possible philosophy 20 markers planned
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
A01 PhilosophyCome up 2x
2016 Specimen - 1C,1B,1E,2B,2E,3E,3F,4A,4B,4C,4D,
Section A
- 1C,1C Never come up – both been tested in 20
Section B markers
- 2D,3F,4A - 1F,3A
2018
Section A
- 1B, 1E - Not every theme always comes up
Section B - Spec questions are not in order
- 2B,2E,4B - Irrelevant what has and hasn’t come up
as themes are so intertwined
2019 - Unlike Judaism 20/30 markers can be
Section A from different subthemes.
- 3D,3E - Questions themselves don’t even have
Section B to be from the same subtheme (20
- 2F,4D,2BC markers)
- Irenaean type theodicy yet to be tested
2020 - What hasn’t been tested as 30 markers
Section A has come up as 20 markers
- 1B,1D
Section B
- 3B,4F,3E
2021
Section A
- 4A,4E
Section B
- 3C,1A,2A
2022
Section A
- 4D,4B
Section B
- 1E, 2E,3F
,Theme 1A
Examine Aquinas’ cosmological argument for the existence of God
P1
- Cosmological arguments are inductive arguments that try to prove the existence of
god through the use of evidence – they use a posteriori evidence
- Aquinas 1st way tries to give evidence for the existence of god through the ideas of
motion and change
- Things always change – (water has the potential to turn into ice and then it actually
does e.g.)
- Everything needs a force to change, this chain of motion can be tracked back to God
as the ‘unmoved mover’
- ‘therefore it is necessary to arrive at a first mover; put in motion by no other; and
this is god’
P2
- Everything we currently observed is an effect, and effect of a previous cause – this is
Aquinas 2nd way
- We cannot track this chain back infinitely, there cannot be infinite regress – there
mist be a ‘uncaused causer’
- ‘therefore it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the
name god’
P3
- Aquinas 3rd way – contingency and necessity
- Contingent – dependant on others for existence; humans
- There must be something that is not dependant on others for its existence – there
must be a necessary being – God
,Outline the Kalam argument with reference to William Lane Craig
P1
- Cosmological arguments are inductive arguments that try to prove the existence of
god through the use of evidence – they use a posteriori evidence
- The kalam cosmological argument developed in the Muslim world – William lane
craig developed it as he believed that Aquinas did not give enough evidence that
infinite regress was impossible
- Craig used evidence from science to state that nothing can come into existence
without a cause, everything must have a cause
P2
- Craigs arguments come from Muslim thought – in particular Al-Ghazali
- He believed that God is the cause of everything
- When cotton burns it may look like the fire is causing the cotton to burn, but in
reality it is God causing the fire to burn the cotton
- Al- Ghazali believed that the universe must have a beginning – and a creator known
as God
- ‘every being has a cause for its beginning’ – Al-Ghazali
P3
- Craig argues that potential infinite is possible – potential infinity is the ideal limit that
is never reached – useful for mechanics and metaphorical language
- However actual infinite is impossible (example of library, infinite books, red and
black – same number of red and black books)
- As actual infinity is impossible therefore the universe must have a beginning and that
beginning must be god – physical forces could not have made the world
, Theme 1B
Compare Aquinas, Tennant and Paley's forms of the teleological argument
P1
- Teleological arguments attempt to give evidence of god from observing the world
- Teleological arguments look at the outcomes and end purpose of the world – and
see how evidence for god can be explained here ‘this proof is in the most accordance
with common reason of mankind and should be respected’ – Kant
P2
- Aquinas 5th way – nature has a purpose
- Things that lack knowledge act in a predictable way (moon will rise etc)
- Things with no knowledge seem to have a purpose (river reaching the sea)
- He uses the example to say just as an arrow is directed by an archer, god directs,
governs and supervises all natural beings in the world
P3
- Paley’s watch analogy explains how the intricacy of the world shows how there must
have been a designer
- Things without knowledge have purpose and god therefore must be guiding the
natural world
- As god has put so much care into each individual aspect of creation it shows his
goodness and ‘we have no reason to fear being overlooked, forgotten or neglected’
P4
- Tenants anthropic and aesthetic argument
- Anthropic – world is created perfectly for humans – must have been designed
- Aesthetic – beauty is not important for survival, must have been created by god so
that humans enjoy life
Outline Tennant’s teleological argument
P1
- Teleological arguments attempt to give evidence of god from observing the world
- Teleological arguments look at the outcomes and end purpose of the world – and
see how evidence for god can be explained here ‘this proof is in the most accordance
with common reason of mankind and should be respected’ – Kant
- Was written to show how the theory of evolution was not a criticism of the design
argument but rather an aid to the design argument – evolution itself seems to have a
purpose – it is constantly changing – it does not have a mind and therefore must be
guided by god – ‘it cannot be reasonably regarded as an outcome of mechanism’
P2
- Tenants anthropic argument – the world has been designed in such a way that is
perfect for human life
- If gravity was different humans would not survive
- We also have intelligence and knowledge which cannot be down to random chance
P3
- Tenants aesthetic argument – beauty as not necessary
- Beauty is not necessary for survival and therefore god must have put it there for
human enjoyment – ‘biologically superfluous accompaniment of the cosmic process’
- God wants us to flourish and to enjoy life
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller uzza. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £25.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now