Exam (elaborations)
B2 - cell organisation
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B3 – Infection and ResponseWhat are the 4 types of pathogen?####bacteria, virus, protist, fungi
What are bacteria?####very small cells 100x smaller than body cells that rapidly reproduce
How does bacteria make you feel ill?####produce toxins that damage cells and tissues
Eg: bacterial infections####salmonella, gonorrhea
How is salmonella spread?####contaminated food
What are the symptoms of salmonella?####fevervomitingdiarrhoea
How is the spread of salmonella prevented?####food hygiene standardsvaccination of poultry
How is gonorrhea spread?####sexual contact
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?####pain when urinatingthick yellow/green discharge from
penis/vagina
How is gonorrhea treated?####antibiotics (e.g penicillin)
What is the problem with antibiotics?####some strains mutate and become resistant (e.g MRSA)
How is antibiotic resistance prevented?####not over subscribing antibiotics
How is gonorrhea prevented?####barrier methods of contraception
What is a virus?####a tiny infectious agent that use cells to replicate themselves
How does a virus make you feel ill?####cells containing reproducing viruses eventually burst, cell
damage make you feel ill
Eg: viruses####measles, HIV, TMV
How is measles spread?####airborne droplets
What are the symptoms of measles?####red rash, fever
What are possible complications of measles?####pneumonia, encephalitis
How is measles prevented?####vaccination of children
How is HIV spread?####sexual contact
What are symptoms of HIV?####flu-like symptoms
How is HIV treated?####antiretroviral drugs
How does HIV make you feel ill?####attacks immune cells
What happens if HIV remains untreated?####AIDSmore susceptible to other disease
What is TMV?####Tobacco Mosaic Virus
What are the symptoms of TMV?####discoloured patches on leaves in mosaic pattern
How does TMV damage a plant?####decreases rate of photosynthesis → less growth
What is a protist?####all eukaryote, most single celled, some parasites
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