A summary of the processes involved in cell division of eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells and Viral particles. Each step of Mitosis is explained with keywords in a concise manner, making the process easy to understand.
Mitosis, Binary Fission & Viral
Replication
Mitosis
A type of cell division where cells produce identical copies of themselves and is used
for growth and repair as well as asexual reproduction (Produces two diploid cells).
Mitosis occurs as part of the cell cycle which consists of 4 phases (mitosis is one
phase). The first 3 phases are known as interphase: G1, S and G2.
Interphase
The first 3 phases are known as interphase: G1, S and G2.
G1 - cell continues daily activities and grows.
S - DNA undergoes semi-conservative replication.
G2 - organelles duplicate.
Once DNA has been replicated, each chromosome now consists of two sister
chromatids, connected by the centromere.
There are two checkpoint in the cell cycle where the DNA is checked for errors.
These occur before and after S phase. This minimises the chances of duplicating
any mutated DNA into the replicated cells.
Mitosis
Mitosis has 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase & cytokinesis.
Prophase: Chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope dissolves. Centrioles
move to opposite poles of cell.
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell and centromeres
attach to the spindle fibres.
Anaphase: Centromeres split and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the
cell.
Telophase: Chromosomes decondense and a nuclear envelope reforms around
them, forming two new nuclei.
Mitosis, Binary Fission & Viral Replication 1
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