Diversity of Life Notes – Evolution and diversity of fungi:
Lecture 1 – Introduction to the fungi:
Fungi:
Any group of unicellular, multicellular, or multinucleate non-photosynthetic
organisms feeding on organic matter, which include moulds, yeast,
mushrooms and toadstools.
Distributed almost everywhere. In/on plants, in/on animals, salt and fresh
water, airborne spores etc.
Eukaryotic microorganisms:
Membrane-enclosed nucleus.
DNA in chromosomes.
Meiosis and mitosis.
Organelles such as mitochondria, golgi and endoplasmic reticulum.
Cytoskeleton.
Differences between fungi and plants:
Fungi are heterotrophs.
Fungi have filamentous bodies.
Fungi have unusual reproductive modes.
Fungi have cell walls made of chitin.
Fungi have nuclear mitosis.
Nutrition:
Need organic compounds as a carbon source.
Need organic compounds for energy.
Chemoheterotrophs.
Acquired by absorption.
Yeast-like growth:
Budding e.g. Saccharomyces cervisiae.
Fission e.g. Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Structure of fungi:
Most fungi structures are multicellular filaments and single cells (yeasts).
Multicellular: Network of tiny filaments called hyphae.
Hyphae consist of tubular cell walls. The cell walls are strengthened by chitin.