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Summary AQA Elizabethan England History
Easy summary sheets for the whole topic to narrow down your revision and give you all the information you need for each topic and event that may come up in the exam.
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World War One World War TwoX-Rays: discovered in 1895 and became really Heart Surgery: Dwight Harken cut into beating hearts
important during WW1. Mobile x-ray machines used to remove bullets and shrapnel – helped it develop
near battlefields Blood: 1938 British National Blood Transfusion Service
Plastic Surgery: Harold Gillies developed a special skin opened. Large blood banks developed
graft to treat men with facial wounds Diet: shortages in food meant the government
Blood Transfusions: Karl Landsteiner discovered blood encouraged people to grow their own food = healthy
groups which helped doctors work out that transfusions Poverty: evacuated children highlighted the poverty
worked if they had the same blood type – still not situation and increased the government’s commitment
possible to store blood for long to improve things
NHS
Liberal Reforms Beveridge Report 1942: state of Britain, identified 5 giants
(idleness, want, disease, ignorance, squalor)
School Meals: 1906 allowed local councils to provide National Health Service: set up in 1948, put Beveridge report
school meals, by 1914 over 158,000 children were into action, school leaving age raised to 15, NHS provided free
health care to everyone
having a free school meal
Bevan: made the Minister of Health to put NHS into place,
National Insurance Act: introduced unemployment enormous impact, people flocked to get free treatment
benefit, free medical treatment and sickness pay Opposition: working people had to pay for the NHS in their
taxes, doctors opposed it because they didn’t want to become
Gradually infant mortality began to drop employees of the government and could previously charge
whatever they wanted for treatments…now they couldn’t!
How to Answer the Questions:
1. How useful is the source (8) – look at the content, what
does it show you, look at who has made it & why…don’t
forget to say HOW useful it is!
2. Explain the significance (8) – what the discovery/person did,
impact at the time, impact now
Elizabethan England
3. Compare (8) – make sure you read the question! If it asks
for similarities make sure you have 2 clear and detailed
similarities
Paper 2
4. Factor question (16+4SPAG) – explain the factor in the
statement, then explain ideally 2 other factors in as much
detail, make sure you reach a judgement!
Who was Elizabeth? Royal Court
• Mother = Anne Boleyn • Patronage – important way of ensuring loyalty from
• Father = Henry VIII courtiers. Elizabeth could award titles, land, monopolies
• Older sister = Queen Mary I of England and other powerful positions and money –making
opportunities in exchange for obedience and support.
• Brother = Edward VI
• The royal court & government were not the same thing.
• Very unlikely for her to become queen being the
Court made up of all the officials, servants and advisors
middle child and a woman. However she was that surrounded Elizabeth. The court was the centre of
educated and brought up within the royal court. power, but also the source of the latest trends and
• Became queen at 25. Needed to establish her fashions. It included PC, but JP and Parliament were not
authority quickly. part of it.
Privy Council
Power in England
Lord Lieutenants – appointed by the queen. Responsible for Privy Council – responsible for the day-to-day running
running a particular area of the country. Responsible for of the country. Had to appoint the most powerful
raising a militia (army) for the queen if needed. landowners in the country in order to prevent a
Justice of the Peace – several in every county. Maintaining rebellion. If the council was united, it was almost
law and order. impossible for Elizabeth to go against their wishes.
Parliament – made up of the House of Lords and the House However very rare for them to unite as all rivals. Led by
of Commons. Had influence over tax and was responsible for the Secretary of State. William Cecil and Francis
passing laws. The queen could choose when to call Walsingham were two significant and powerful figures.
Parliament and was free to ignore their advice.
Both had huge influences over Elizabeth.
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