Lecture notes
ANS Principle of drug action
- Module
- 4py009 (4PY009)
- Institution
- University Of Wolverhampton
ANS Principle of drug action
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Principles of Drug Action – 4PY009 – Detailed lecture notesAutonomic Nervous system (ANS), Part 3 (week 3)
The adrenal glands are innervated by presynaptic
sympathetic neurons. This is the only exception to the two-
neuron arrangement. These presynaptic neurons release ACh
that binds to and stimulates nicotinic receptors on
catecholamine-secreting cells in the adrenal medulla, so
causing principally the release of adrenaline into the blood.
Embryologically, sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal
medulla arise from the same source. So, cells of the adrenal
medulla are in effect modified postganglionic sympathetic
neurons.
NA is mostly released from neurons, so is a neurotransmitter.
Adrenaline is mostly released from the adrenal glands, so is a
hormone. The division between hormones and
neurotransmitters is, however, becoming increasingly
blurred.
The British convention still seems to be to use the names NA
and adrenaline. The recommended international non-
proprietary names are now, however, norepinephrine and
epinephrine.
Adrenoceptors are divided into two main types:
A-receptors, which generally mediate the excitatory
effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
B-receptors, which generally mediate the inhibitory
effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
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