This is a detailed summary of the USA's foreign affairs from .
This table was created for A-level History revision and proved highly useful - allowing for a stronger and more chronological foundation to work from.
Event President Involvement Importance/Significance/Outcome
The Spanish- President - McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution - The Conflict put the USA on a global
American William demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the stage for the first time properly
War McKinley President to use military force to help Cuba gain - The result was the 1898 Treaty of Paris
independence on April 20, 1898. In response, Spain which allowed the USA temporary
"splendid severed diplomatic relations with the United States on control of Cuba and ceded ownership
little war" April 21. On the same day, the U.S. Navy began a of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
blockade of Cuba. Philippine islands. The cession of the
- The ten-week war was fought in both the Caribbean and Philippines involved payment of $20
the Pacific. As U.S. naval power became a decisive factor million ($614,640,000 today) to Spain
within the conflict. by the U.S.
- The African American community strongly supported - The United States gained several island
the rebels in Cuba, supported entry into the war, and possessions spanning the globe and
gained prestige from their wartime performance in the created a new debate over
Army. Spokesmen noted that 33 African American expansionism
seamen had died in the Maine explosion. The most -
influential Black leader, Booker T. Washington, argued
that his race was ready to fight
Panama President - The Hay–Pauncefote Treaty - signed by the United - The Hay-Pauncefote treaty guaranteed
William States and Great Britain on 18 November 1901, as a open passage for any nation through
Mckinley/ legal preliminary to the U.S. building the Panama Canal. proposed Panama Canal.
President It nullified the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty of 1850 and gave - 1903 – Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty with
Theodore the United States the right to create and control a canal Panama; leased strip of land increased
roosevelt across the Central American isthmus to connect the to 10 miles (16 km) wide
Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. - Assisted Panama's independence
- Assisted Panama's independence movement from movement from Colombia.
, Colombia. - Use of Monroe doctrine e.g. protecting
- US forces sought to protect American interests and lives American interests.
during and following the Panamanian revolution over
construction of the Isthmian Canal.
Mexico President - he Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle, - hundreds of thousands of refugees fled
William Taft lasting roughly from 1910 to 1920, that transformed to America
Mexican culture and government. - added a whole new culture to the USA
- ver time the Revolution changed from a revolt against
the established order under Díaz to a multi-sided civil
war in particular regions, with frequently shifting power
struggles among factions in the Mexican Revolution.
Puerto Rico President - On May 24, 1898, in a letter to Theodore Roosevelt, - Shows American exploration/want or
Theodore Henry Cabot Lodge wrote, "Porto Rico is not forgotten expansion
Roosevelt and we mean to have it". - Shows some action of arguably the
- The American offensive began on May 12, 1898, when a USA’s most Imperial, isolationist
squadron of 12 U.S. ships commanded by Rear Adm. president
- The land offensive began on July 25, when 1,300
infantry soldiers led by Nelson A. Miles disembarked off
the coast of Guánica. The first organized armed
opposition occurred in Yauco in what became known as
the Battle of Yauco
- All military actions in Puerto Rico were suspended on
August 13, after U.S. President William McKinley and
French Ambassador Jules Cambon signed an armistice
whereby Spain relinquished its sovereignty over Puerto
Rico.
Dominican Theodore - This Conflict was triggered by concerns about possible - Caused a lot of opposition
Republic Roosevelt German use of the Dominican Republic as a base for - responded with an increasingly
attacks on the United States during World War I. successful public relations campaign
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