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Lecture notes

Water and Electrolyte Transport of the Gastrointestinal Tract

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Provides a good introduction to the different types of ways that electrolytes and water can be balanced as part of the GI system. It introduces the membrane routes that are taken both at a cellular level and ion. Then goes on to explain the different chemical transports taken and their routes e.g. ...

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  • July 26, 2023
  • 3
  • 2020/2021
  • Lecture notes
  • Dr sarah bailey
  • All classes

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Gastrointestinal Tract Water and Electrolytes Transport

• REGULATION of FLUID TRANSPORT in GI tract is CRITICAL for NORMAL INTESTINAL FUNCTION
• The REGULATION of ELECTROLYTE BALANCE is therefore a KEY PRINCIPLE to UNDERSTANDING INTESTINAL
FLUID BALANCE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
• In HEALTHY state, only 100mL of FLUID EXITS the GI tract (via stool) PER DAY




• ECF contains mainly Na+; ICF contains mainly K+
• WATER DISTRIBUTION DEPENDS ON OSMOLARITY OF ECF AND ICF
• Water and electrolytes in GI tract lumen INTERCHANGE with ECF




• After eating (postprandial period)- high content of nutrients in GI tract lumen
• Na+ ENTER THE CELLS VIA COUPLED CO-TRANSPORTERS WITH NUTRIENTS
SUCH AS GLUCOSE; AMINO ACIDS; FATTY ACIDS; BILE ACIDS
• Na+ gradient created by the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump creates Na+ electrochemical
gradient between cells and lumen --> allows Na+ coupled co-transport from lumen
into cell
• Several mechanisms for absorption, but the primary one involves COUPLED TRANSPORT to MOVEMENT of GLUCOSE,
AMINO ACIDS AND FATTY ACIDS after a meal
• Na+/glucose TRANSPORTER is the most EFFICIENT MECHANISM for Na+ ABSORPTION
• It remains intact even in infectious diseases- induced diarrhoea
• DIORALYTE = is essential for the efficacy of oral rehydration solution




• The ACTIVITY of the Na/H (NHE) ANTIPORT
• Na+ ABSORPTION into enterocytes in EXCHANGE for EXTRUSION H+ into small intestine
lumen
• H+ SECRETIONS contribute to the GENERATION and MAINTENANCE of the MICRO

Integration of Physiological Systems Page 1

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