Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis vs. Oxidation correct answer: When Insulin is HIGH --> fatty acid synthesis occurs
When Glucagon is HIGH --> lipolysis, fatty acid B-oxidation, ketogenesis occur
**These never happen at the same time!
Lipolysis correct answer: Process of releasing free...
Biochemistry Final Exam: UNE CHEM 1005 Weeks 9-
15 Questions With Complete Solutions
Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis vs. Oxidation correct answer:
When Insulin is HIGH --> fatty acid synthesis occurs
When Glucagon is HIGH --> lipolysis, fatty acid B-oxidation,
ketogenesis occur
**These never happen at the same time!
Lipolysis correct answer: Process of releasing free fatty acids
from triacylglycerols stored in the adipose IN THE FASTED
STATE
Steps of lipolysis correct answer: 1) Hormone Sensitive Lipase:
activated by glucagon and epinephrine
TAGs are hydrolyzed into FFAs and glycerol (inhibited by
insulin)
2) Long chain FFAs travel bound to albumin to peripheral
tissues to be used as energy source
3) Glycerol travels to liver to be used as gluconeogenesis
substrate
4) Acyl-CoA Synthetase: can reconvert FFAs to acyl-CoA to be
used for re-esterification in the adipose (continuous cycle of
lipolysis & re-esterification)
Beta Oxidation correct answer: Process of generating acetyl-
CoA, NADH, and FADH2 from the oxidation of FFAs taken up
by peripheral tissues (mostly liver & skel. muscle tissue).
,Happens in mitochondria. Long chain FFAs cannot cross the
mito membrane, so a transport system is in place.
Ketogenesis correct answer: Process of generating ketones from
excess acteyl-CoA produced from Beta-Oxidation
Mitochondrial pathway
Ketones can be used as fuel by other tissues but cannot be
oxidized by... correct answer: The liver.
Skeletal muscle can oxidize ketones.
The brain will oxidize ketones when starving.
Ketogenesis is regulated by... correct answer: 1) Activity of
lipolysis
2) Cytosolic levels of malonyl-CoA (which inhibit CPTI)
3) Flux through the TCA depending on NADH levels &
concentration of intermediates (especially OAA)
Ketoacidosis can occur from prolonged ketogenesis, such as...
correct answer: During starvation and uncontrolled diabetes
Important connections between Beta-Oxidation and other
pathways correct answer: 1) It supplies high levels of ATP in
the fasted state
2) ATP is required for both process of glucose synthesis via
gluconeogenesis & nitrogen disposal via the urea cycle
3) deficiencies in beta-oxidation can result in hypoglycemia due
to inability to support glucose synthesis (such as CPTI
deficiency, or medium chain acyl-dehydrogenase deficiency)
This pathway determines the chain length for fatty acids
(medium, long, etc.)
Fatty acid synthesis connection to the PPP correct answer: PPP
provides glycerol (for TAG synthesis) and NADPH (for fatty
acid synthesis)
Fate of newly synthesized fatty acids correct answer: -Fatty
acids are NOT stored in the liver
-instead, they're packaged into VLDL particles as TAGs (along
with cholesterol) and are transported to adipose for storage
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