UNE BioChem 1005 - Module 8 - Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Module
CHEM 1005
Institution
University Of New England (UNE
)
The second messenger in the signaling cascade initiated by glucagon is: correct answer: cAMP
Explanation: The second messenger for glucagon is cAMP. Review Module 2 GPCR signaling cascades
When insulin is bound to its receptor an autophosphorylation event occurs and the IRS binds these phospho...
UNE BioChem 1005 - Module 8 -
Carbohydrate Metabolism
The second messenger in the signaling cascade initiated by
glucagon is: correct answer: cAMP
Explanation: The second messenger for glucagon is cAMP.
Review Module 2 GPCR signaling cascades
When insulin is bound to its receptor an autophosphorylation
event occurs and the IRS binds these phosphorylated sites
through interactions with the: correct answer: SH2 domain
Explanation: SH2 domains bind with phosphorylation sites and
allow for docking of the IRS with the insulin receptor.
Insulin consists of two polypeptide chains that are held together
through: correct answer: disulfide linkage
Explanation: The A and B chain are held together thru disulfide
bonds. Shown in figure 26.10, the proinsulin form requires
cleavage and removal of the C-peptide for activation.
Insulin stimulates all of the following pathways except: correct
answer: amino acid catabolism
Explanation: See Table 26.1. Insulin is an anabolic hormone,
consequently it facilitates the synthesis rather than the
degradation of products. Cortisol is responsible for the
mobilization of amino acids from muscle.
,Low blood glucose stimulates the release of ACTH which in
turn stimulates the release of: correct answer: epinephrine and
cortisol
Explanation: See figure 26.9 The release of ACTH from the
pituitary stimulates the adrenal gland to release both cortisol and
epinephrine.
All of the following stimulate the release of insulin except:
correct answer: epinephrine
Explanation: Epinephrine is a counter regulatory hormone that
facilitates catabolic reactions. See Table 26.2.
Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis in the liver. These fatty
acids are transported to the adipose tissue as: correct answer:
VLDL particles
Explanation: Glucose can be used to synthesize fatty acids in the
liver. These molecules are packaged into VLDL particles at
triacylglycerols where they are delivered to the adipose.
When you consume glucose it can be used in one of three ways:
correct answer: oxidation/energy via glcoylsis
stored as glycogen or triglceridies (TG)
used as synthesis for many compounds
When you consume amino acids they can be used in one of three
ways: correct answer: Protein synthesis
synthesis of nitrogen containing compounds
oxidation/energy
When you consume fats they can be used in one of three ways:
correct answer: storage/TG (triglceridies)
, synthesis of membrane lipids
oxidation/energy
Insulin activates what kind of processes? correct answer:
anabolic
Glocagon and stress hormones cortisol and ephinephrene
activates what kind of processes? correct answer: catabolic
Glucose does what to ATP during oxidation? correct answer:
Increases ATP, which closes the potassium channel causing a
decrease of voltage and an opening of calcium. this facilitates
the packaging and movement of insulin
Insulin is initially translated as correct answer: a proprotein and
requires cleavage of the C-peptide before it can be an active
polypeptide.
insulin proteins consist of what chains? correct answer: alpha
and beta bound by disulfide linkages. insulin binds insulin
receptor (triosinekinase transmembrane)
After insulin is bound what happens to the Liver? correct
answer: it activates glycogen production in the liver followed
by protein synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, and inhibits the
release of free glucose
After insulin is bound what happens to the Skeletal muscle?
correct answer: it activates protein synthesis, glyocgen
synthesis, and inhibits CO2
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