Summary
Summary - Global Migration
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- Global Migration
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- OCR
Summary - Global Migration
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Lesson 6Global Migration
How migration can cause equality, conflict, and injustice
How global migration causes inequalities, conflicts and injustices
for people and places through unequal flows of people, money,
ideas, and technology (negatives of migration):
Inequalities - Countries of origin lose a proportion of
the young, vibrant and fittest element
of the labour force; and this might
impact the country of origin’s economy
as it may contribute to downward
economic spiral at local, regional and
national scales.
- Often, it is the better educated that
migrate; this represents a ‘brain drain’
and loss of human resources in the
country of origin
- The population structure of both the
country of origin and host country can
be impacted by the movement of these
people because of the demographic
selectiveness of international migration
which causes redistribution of
population reproductive age; this
influences crude birth rates in countries
of origin (decline) and destination
(growth)
- Migrant remittances can increase
inequality between families who receive
them and those who do not
Conflicts - Social conflicts can develop between host
communities and ‘newcomers’; people of a
particular culture or ethnic origin may find
difficulty integrating perhaps because of
language
- Immigrant populations, especially if
concentrated in specific areas, can place
pressure on service provision such as
education, health and housing in the host
country.
- International borders can be areas of conflict
for border control authorities, traffickers &
illegal migrants.
Injustices - Migrants are vulnerable to violation of their
human rights as a result of forced labour,
exploitation of women (may end up working
in the sex trade) and children, and human
trafficking
, Lesson 6
Global Migration
- Asylum seekers may be poorly treated and
can include being held in detention centres,
not being allowed to work, and being
supported on poor financial resources for
food, housing, sanitation , and clothing
during their time in these centres
- Refugees may have poor access to food,
shelter, medicines, and safety. It is possible
that they could be deported back to their
country of origin where risks are high to them
Example of injustice:
Australian asylum seekers are often kept on offshore islands in Papua
New Guinea (Manus Island) and Nauru whilst their claims are processed.
Rights groups say that the conditions on these islands are totally
inadequate, citing poor hygiene, cramped conditions, unrelenting heat,
and lack of facilities. Holding asylum seekers in indefinite detention has
caused widespread psychological harm and exposed them to dangers
including physical and sexual assaults, the critics say. Many asylum
seekers try to reach Australia by sea from Indonesia, often paying large
sums of money to traffickers. Australian government policy is now to stop
the boats reaching the Australian mainland and take asylum seekers to
these islands. The government says that the journey is dangerous, and it
is their responsibility to stop it and prevent deaths. Some boats may be
towed back to Indonesia. Critics of this policy say that it is racially
motivated. The government have now closed the main detention centre
but people have been moved elsewhere on the island and say that they
do not feel safe there. Some refugees have refused to move and live in
squalid conditions. Critics say that it is the responsibility of Australia to
keep these refugees safe.
The jungle camp, Calais- The ‘jungle’ in Calais was a refugee camp
found near the Port/Eurotunnel entrance. In February 2016 the jungle
contained over 3000 migrants, mostly young males. In 2015 numbers
reached 4000. Migrants here are found from countries such as Sudan,
Eritrea, Iraq an Afghanistan. Research from the University of Birmingham
suggested that conditions here were diabolical. Tents were plagued by
rats, water sources contaminated by faeces and residents suffering from
diseases like TB. Piped water taps had higher than safe standards of E-Coli
and Coliform. A lack of washing facilities resulted in diahorrea, fever and
vomiting. At the time of publishing the camp only had 40 toilets (October
2015).
One-way ticket to Rwanda for some UK asylum seekers –
- Boris Johnson said the £120 scheme would save countless lives from
human trafficking
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