This complete set of summary notes, plus the 2 other summaries for 1.1 and 2.2, provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of the OCR GCSE PE J587 specification. Extremely beneficial for last minute consolidation and revision.
REVISION GUIDE &
WORK BOOKLET
(New content/phrases)
Paper 1 Exam: Wednesday 17th May - 1 hour - PM
Paper 2 Exam: Thursday 8th June - 1 hour - AM
NAME:______________
,Nicole Li, OCR GCSE PE Summary Sheets
Paper 1
1.1.8 Lever system
Lever: a rigid bar or object that moves around a fixed fulcrum with two forces applied to it
3 key elements of a lever:
● Fulcrum (a fixed pivot point, joint)
● Effort (the source of energy, muscles)
● Load (the weight we are overcoming, e.g. bodyweight, dumbbell)
123, FLE
1st class: fulcrum in the middle. E.g. neck, heading a football.
2nd class: load in the middle. E.g. ankle, setting off, tiptoe diving
3rd class: effort in the middle, e.g. bicep curl
Mechanical advantage: the relative efficiency of each of the lever systems (moving large load with small effort)
- Longer the effort arm (effort-fulcrum), the more force produced, and the more the mechanical advantage
- Longer the resistance arm (load-fulcrum), faster the movement
- 2nd most mechanical adv (1st has as well), but 3rd fastest
1.1.9 Planes of movement and axes of rotation
Plane: an imaginary line dividing the body into two sections
Axis: an imaginary line around which the body can turn
1. Sagittal Plane
● Vertical. right and left.
● running / sit ups / bicep curl / somersault
2. Frontal Plane
● Vertical. front and back.
● abduction and adduction of the legs at the hip joint
● performing star jumps type exercises
3. Transverse plane
● Horizontal. upper and lower halves.
● Arm action (circumduction) when bowling in cricket with rotation at
the shoulder
1. Longitudinal axis
○ Vertical, top to bottom.
○ Axel jump in ice skating
2. Frontal axis
○ Horizontal, back to front
○ Cartwheel in gymnastics (+frontal plane)
3. Transverse axis
○ Horizontal, left to right
○ Somersault in gymnastics (+sagittal plane)
, Nicole Li, OCR GCSE PE Summary Sheets
1.1.19 Aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise: low intensity, long duration, with oxygen (e.g. marathon)
- Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + 36 ATP
Anaerobic exercise: high intensity, short duration, without oxygen (e.g. elite 100 m sprint, serving in tennis)
- Glucose -> lactic acid + 2 ATP (lactic acid causes muscle fatigue and pain)
Oxygen debt: the amount of oxygen required to remove the lactic acid and replace the body’s reserves of
oxygen
6 short term effects of exercise
● ↑ muscle temperature
● ↑ heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output
● Redistribution of blood flow (during exercise to muscles, after back to core muscles) (vasodilation and
vasoconstriction)
● ↑ tidal volume, breathing rate, minute ventilation
● ↑ oxygen to working muscles
● ↑ lactic acid production
13 long term effects of exercise
● ↑ bone density
● ↑ hypertrophy of muscle
● ↑ muscular strength
● ↑ muscular endurance
● ↑ resistance to fatigue
● ↑ hypertrophy of the heart
● ↑ resting stroke volume, ↓ resting heart rate
● ↑ cardiac output
● ↑ rate of recovery
● ↑ aerobic capacity
● ↑ respiratory muscles
● ↑ tidal volume and minute volume during exercise
● ↑ capillarisation
1.2.1-1.2.12 The components of fitness
Fitness component Definition Test+Sport
Cardiovascular The ability of continuously exercise without 12 minute cooper run/bleep test
endurance fatigue Marathon
Power The ability to perform strength based Standing broad jump test
movements quickly Javelin
Flexibility The amount or range or movement that you have Sit and reach test
around a joint Gymnasts
Agility The ability to change direction under control Illinois Agility test
and maintaining speed, balance and power Hockey players
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