What are the 3 main elements of philosophy. What is ontology, epistemology, axiology. What are the 4 main elements of ontology. What is realism, relativism, nominalism, internal realism. What are the 5 main elements of epistemology. What is positivism, critical theory, post-positivism, interpretivi...
Research Methods – Qualitative
Philosophy: Ontology:
REALISM:
Ontology Epistemology Axiology - World is real
Nature of reality Nature of What we value - Examine &
What exists knowledge & How we classify observe it
Truth claims knowing values - 1 truth
Ethics - Facts exist
- Revealed through
experiments
RELATIVISM: INTERNAL REALISM:
- Scientific laws - World is real but
NOMINALISM:
created to fit impossible to
- Reality created by
person’s view of examine directly
ppl
reality - Truth exists but is
- No external truth
- Many truths obscure
- Facts are human
- Facts depend on - Facts are concrete
creations
observers but cannot be
viewpoint revealed
Epistemology:
POST-POSITIVISM:
POSITIVISM: (predict)
(verify) CRITICAL THEORY: Findings
(emancipate) approximate
Only knowledge is truth.
scientific Findings based Reality is never
knowledge on values & fully
local examples apprehended.
of truth
PRAGMATISM:
INTERPRETIVISM: (Dialectic)
(understand/
interpret) Objective &
subjective
Co-created points of
multiple realities. Methodology: view
Beliefs regarding the relationship between knowledge & reality
implicates choice of methods
Choice of procedures match ontological & epistemological positions
of the person.
Qualitative
Quantitative
- Understand reasons, opinions
- Numerical data
& motivations
- Data transformed into
- Insights to the problem
, ED2BPD TUES 31/01. WEEK 4
Ontology Epistemolog Methodology
y
Objectivism Positivism Quantitative
Pragmatism Mixed
or Mixed
Methodolog
paradigms
dialectical y
Interpretivis
Constructionism Qualitative
m
QUESTIONNAIRES
What: Process:
- Measures - Produce questions (10 max)
Misconception - What data do you want (scores,
behaviour,
s: attitudes, ratings, opinions)
- Quick - Plan format of questions
preferences,
- Easy Statements (Yes/No/Don’t know)
opinions &
intentions Scale (1 to 5)
- Large number of Categories (Agree or Disagree)
ppl Multiple choice
Advantages: Open-ended
Cheap & easy to administer - Turn Qs into tables/graphs/charts
Collect large amounts of data
Responses gathered in
standardised way
Possible to replicate
Compare results with other
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